ÿWPC¢J Cõì)+âN/¦«ŒØü@@¥KMB3èýÆ‚ww¨=ùMËy+™ŒLT{¾Ñs7r¼y~•dà»åtŠÂ~§¯É˜ñø&¬sútF!wu#Áqô»ê¿„¦~®o0¯ŽY%+oF™èØ·¢Æ©âçáxkÌÔ­ÓuÆÉ3ßcFÐB…UXvžàg§Š27,Ú7e-ºYN”€?`Èñ¬5 nk–7K w¬‡çÌ™&„WÌÜÌ\Eî7.Ä´ ´*o%ñJ‘/&âõ¢1ÁGûÅ1YöPÚpÄAð>²t2\‡£Ï Í+¬ }Ÿì›¥Ø ¡R¢ußß­¯Bkúå > > > >lê>ê>ê>êV@V@V@V@V@T@Aä”C”C”C”C”C”C”C”C”C”C xDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxDxD A˜EÆ5F 0DûF 0K?G?G?G?G?G?GÆŠGÆPHÆIÆÜI˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ™T™U™E™U™T™U™ ™E!™V"™î£|ã*™ 3|x"™0…ÿÿ.NormalÔ S ÔÓ =jÓÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ Ó<jÿÿ:Definition TÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ<Ÿkÿÿ:Definition LÒ ° ÒÓ , ÓÒ ° ÒÓ°°ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÒ ° ÒÓG=°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.GÓ8mÿÿ6DefinitionòòÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó(”yÿÿ&H1Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡°°°ÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ(”yÿÿ&H2Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡„„„ÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ(”yÿÿ&H3Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡¼¼¼ÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ(”ÿÿ&H4Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó ó(”yÿÿ&H5Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ(”yÿÿ&H6Ô S ÔÓ =jÓÔ&  Ôò òÔ‡ÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÔ'  Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ2mÿÿ0AddressòòÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó8Æwÿÿ6BlockquoteÔ S ÔÓ =jÓÒ ° ÒÓ , ÓÒ ° ÒÓ , ÓÓ°°ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ ÓÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÓG=°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.GÓ,mÿÿ*CITEòòÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó,djÿÿ*CODEÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡+<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ4mÿÿ2EmphasisòòÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó6zÿÿ4HyperlinkÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<zÿÿ:FollowedHypeÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔòòÔ €€ ÔóóÔ  Ô4gmÿÿ2Keyboardò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡+<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔó óÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ<“±ÿÿ:PreformattedÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È ç#/ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡+<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÓG=°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.GÓÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ<¬®ÿÿ:z©Bottom of Ó?€*€Ø **?ÓÓ  ÓÔB  ÔÔ‡ÔÔ?‡,%ä2¼A`Arial?ÔÓ/€ € H/ÓÓ  ÓÔC  ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ&ÿÿ0 d d'þÿÈÈÈÈdxd'ÈÈÈÈdxd<®®ÿÿ:z©Top of ForÓA€*€Ø**AÓÓ  ÓÔB  ÔÔ‡ÔÔ?‡,%ä2¼A`Arial?ÔÓ/€ € H/ÓÓ  ÓÔC  ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ0djÿÿ.SampleÔ‡XXXÔÔK‡+<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ0mÿÿ.Strongò òÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔó ó8djÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡+<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ4mÿÿ2VariableòòÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó:ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÔ ÿ ÔÔC  ÔÔ  Ô2t ÿÿ0CommentÔB  ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔQ‡*ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÔC  Ô  düÿ+ +dûÿX Xdô\  `$Times NewRoman<þ6X9`(Courier New%ä2¼A`Arial(ÈhH  Z6Times New Roman Regular ÀÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Florida€Supreme€Court€ordered€a€second€evidentiary€hearing€because€the€judge€hadÐ ° Ðimproper€ex„parte€communications€with€the€prosecutor€regarding€preparation€of€the€courtððsÏorder.€€I€factored€this€into€the€weight€I€gave€the€judgeððs€findings.€€The€record€does€not€reflect€thatÏthe€judge€simply€adopted€the€prosecutorððs€suggestions€as€to€factual€findings.€€€The€1991Ïprosecutor,€Paul€Zacks,€verified€this€in€my€sworn€interview€of€him.€€He€stated€that€the€judge€onlyÏcalled€him€to€change€the€wording€in€his€order.€€The€judge€routinely€did€not€draft€his€own€orders,Ïbut€rather€dictated€them€to€the€lawyers.€€€((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ŠÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Scheff€also€did€not€notate€the€Freeman€photo€line„up€in€his€reports. *Ý ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€In€Detective€Scheffððs€pre„trial€deposition,€Scheff€stated€that€Gerald€Davis€showedÐ ° Ðreluctance€to€get€involved€in€a€court€proceeding.€€Once€he€understood€he€had€no€choice€in€theÏmatter,€he€identified€Smith.€ ÕÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú15Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝSmith€was€not€wearing€glasses€at€the€time€of€his€arrest.€€He€was€walking€down€the€streetÐ ° Ðand€his€glasses€were€in€a€brown€bag. {Ý ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€A€1984€photograph€of€Mosely€shows€Mosely€with€closely€cropped€hair.€TheÐ ° Ðresemblance€between€Mosely€and€Frank€Lee€Smith€is€striking€when€their€hair€is€grown€similar€toÏeach€other.€€Photographs€of€Mosely€taken€in€the€1980's€and€1990's€reveal€that€he€routinelyÏdrastically€changed€his€appearance€by€altering€his€facial€and€head€hair.€€When€I€saw€theseÏpictures€I€thought€that€pictures€of€Mosely€on€different€dates€were€actually€pictures€of€differentÏpeople.€€Investigator€McIlwain€had€to€point€out€to€me€that€they€were€all€indeed€pictures€ofÏMosely. ÏÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝZacks€had€already€left€the€Broward€State€Attorneyððs€Office€to€join€the€Palm€BeachÐ ° ÐCounty€State€Attorneyððs€Office. ÎÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú19Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€McGriff€home€was€described€as€a€ð ðtarget€of€opportunityðð€for€burglars€like€FrankÐ ° ÐLee€Smith.€€Days€after€trying€to€steal€a€television,€Smith€was€trying€to€sell€a€ð ðhotðð€television.€ÏSmith€told€Scheff€the€house€was€dark€which€is€consistent€with€Smithððs€presence€at€the€window.€ItÏstands€to€reason€that€if€Scheff€fabricated€this€admission,€he€would€have€fabricated€a€moreÏincriminating€statement.€€Smith€denied€being€at€the€house€to€his€lawyers€because€he€was€onÏparole€for€murder.€€He€knew€that€if€he€admitted€being€at€the€window€he€would€have€been€sentÏback€to€prison€despite€his€innocence€of€the€rape€and€murder.€€Mosely€approached€Davis,€a.k.a.Ïð ðGigi,ðð€and€asked€him€for€sex.€€Part€of€Moselyððs€modus€operandi€was€to€approach€personsÏ(usually€female€prostitutes)€and€sexually€proposition€them.€€Dorothy€McGriff€remains€adamantÏthat€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€the€man€she€saw€at€her€window.€€It€is€also€important€to€note€that,€underÏthis€scenario,€though€Smith€would€be€guilty€of€burglarizing€the€McGriff€home,€Shandraððs€Ô‡-Xü“XXXÔdeathÐ `  Ðdid€not€occur€òòas€a€consequence€ofóó€and€while€Smith€was€engaged€in€the€commission€of€SmithððsÐ P  Ðburglary.€€Consequently,€he€would€not€be€criminally€responsible€for€her€death.€€There€is€noÏevidence€that€Mosely€and€Smith€acted€in€concert.€€Ô#†Xü“XX-Xü“l#Ô ÆÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú16Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Dorothy€McGriff€also€attacked€Smith€with€her€shoe€at€the€original€trial,€outside€of€theÐ ° Ðpresence€of€the€jury. bÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝI€spoke€with€Smithððs€original€trial€lawyer€who€confirmed€my€belief€that€he€learned€thatÐ ° Ðpolice€suspected€Mosely€because€Moselyððs€name€appeared€on€a€fingerprint€examination€requestÏform€which€was€given€to€him€by€the€State€prior€to€trial€in€the€discovery€process. ËÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Scheff€claimed€in€deposition€that€during€interrogation€Smith€admitted€to€being€the€manÐ ° Ðat€Loweððs€house€trying€to€sell€a€television€set.€€In€that€same€deposition,€Smithððs€lawyerÏestablished€that€Scheff€never€memorialized€that€statement€in€his€contemporaneous€notes€of€theÏinterrogation.€€At€trial,€the€prosecutor€did€not€elicit€Scheffððs€testimony€on€this€subject. Ý ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú17Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€At€the€original€trial,€Davis€testified€that€he€was€only€shown€two€line„ups.ghi›&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK Ý ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝHe€stated€that€in€1998€he€asked€a€Detective€Bole€to€retrieve€the€lineup€from€the€FrankÐ ° ÐLee€Smith€file.€€Bole€retrieved€the€line„up€from€the€Smith€file€and€made€an€entry€on€9/9/98.ÏInvestigator€McIlwain€and€I€saw€the€notation€on€file€at€the€Broward€Sheriffððs€Office.€The€1998Ïhearing€began€in€court€on€9/16/98. ÚÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€The€police€found€a€similar€windbreaker€in€the€bed€of€a€pickup€truck€parked€in€a€fieldÐ ° Ðacross€the€street€from€the€victimððs€home. ÀÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Capital€Collateral€Relief€(CCR)€is€the€state€agency€that€represents€Florida€inmatesÐ ° Ðsentenced€to€death.€ bÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Though€DNA€testing€existed€at€the€time€of€Smithððs€conviction,€it€was€not€yet€advancedÐ ° Ðenough€for€testing€the€extremely€small€samples€involved€in€this€case.€€Advancements€in€ð ðPCRððÏDNA€in€the€1990's€account€for€the€later€ability€to€test€samples€in€this€case.€ àÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝSmith€testified€at€his€penalty€phase€and€claimed€that€the€statement,€ð ðit€was€too€dark,ððÐ ° Ðwas€taken€out€of€context€by€the€detectives. JÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝScheff€has€testified€during€this€investigation€that€he€never€placed€the€photograph€ofÐ ° ÐMcGriff€in€a€line„up€because€McGriff,€like€many€other€suspects,€came€under€consideration€as€aÏsuspect€after€the€composite€sketch€had€already€been€created.€€According€to€Scheff,€becauseÏMcGriff€and€others€did€not€appear€to€look€anything€like€the€composite,€he€deemed€line„upsÏunnecessary€for€them.€€Scheff€claims€that€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€was€considered€as€a€suspect€òòprior€óótoÐ pÀ Ðthe€composite.€€ ÚÝ ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú18Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€She€was€clearly€incorrect€as€to€that€assertion.€€There€are€two€separate€line„ups€inÐ ° Ðevidence,€one€for€Freeman€and€one€for€Smith.€ Ý ƒ/üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€was€the€rehearing€ordered€by€the€Florida€Supreme€Court€because€of€the€judgeððsÐ ° Ðimproper€communication€with€the€prosecutor€regarding€preparation€of€the€courtððs€order€denyingÏrelief.ghi I&mage <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý( ³þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú2Ú  Úó ó‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÑ7€ü“XdðdÈ7ÑÓÓÓÓñ"™ñ›ñ"™ññ"™ñÌÌÌÌÌÌà@$ìàJuly€3,€2001ˆÌÌÌÌHonorable€Jeb€BushÌGovernor,€State€of€FloridaÌThe€CapitolÌTallahassee,€FL€32399„0001ÌÌRe:€€ò òExeuctive€Order€#01„24ó óÐ À ÐÌDear€Governer€Bush:ÌÌà  àMy€office€has€now€completed€its€duties€as€they€pertain€to€Executive€Order€#01„24.€ÏPursuant€to€the€assignment,€an€investigation€was€conducted€to€determine€whether€Det.€RichardÏScheff,€of€the€Broward€County€Sheriffððs€Office€committed€perjury€in€the€course€of€the€trial€andÏpost€conviction€proceedings€in€the€case€of€the€State€of€Florida€vs.€Frank€Lee€Smith,€in€BrowardÏCounty.ÌÌà  àI€have€concluded€that€there€is€not€evidence€upon€which€to€charge€Det.€Scheff€with€aÏcrime.€€I€have€enclosed€a€memorandum€prepared€by€Assistant€State€Attorney€Lawrence€MirmanÏwhich€details€this€officeððs€investigation.ÌÌà  àIf€you€have€any€questions€or€desire€additional€information,€please€feel€free€to€contact€me.ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àSincerely,ÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àBRUCE€H.€COLTONÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àState€AttorneyÌÌBHC/cpÌEnclosureÌÌcc:€€€State€Attorney€Michael€Satzñ"™ññ!™ñÐ  ,`'* Ðñ!™ñ›à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÓdÓœÌÌÌDate:›€à  àà ` àJuly€œ3,›€2001Ð P   Ðà@   ìàò òINVESTIGATIVE€REPORTó óˆÐ 0 € ÐÌTO:à  àà ` àState€Attorney€Bruce€Colton,€19th€Judicial€CircuitÐ ð@  ÐÓÓRE:à  àà ` àThe€case€of€State€of€Florida€v.€Frank€Lee€Smith,€an€investigation€into€an€à Ð àÐ Ð  Ðà  àà ` àallegation€of€perjury€in€a€capital€case€by€Broward€Sheriffððs€Office€Detective€¼à  àà ` àRichard€Scheff.Ó»ÓÌFROM:à ` àLawrence€Mirman,€Attorney€In€Charge,€Legal€Affairs€DivisionÐ à Є„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„Ìò òà@æ æ ìàCASE€HISTORY€AND€NATURE€OF€ALLEGATIONˆÐ P  Ðó óà  àOn€January€24,€2001,€Governor€Jeb€Bush€issued€an€executive€order€assigning€our€officeÐ 0€ Ðto€investigate€whether€œBroward€›Sheriffððs€œDetective›€Richard€Scheff€committed€perjury€in€postÏconviction€court€hearings€in€the€Frank€Lee€Smith€case.€€The€original€case€arose€in€œBrowardÏCounty,€Florida.€€The€Office€of€the€State€Attorney€of€the€17th€Judicial€Circuit€handled€all€priorÏtrial€court€litigation.€€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€tried€and€convicted€for€the€April€14,€1985€brutal€rapeÏand€murder€of€an€eight„year„old€girl,€Shandra€Whitehead.€€In›€post€conviction€proceedingsÏbeginning€in€the€early€1990's€an€essential€state€witness€recanted€her€œ1985€trial€testimony›Ïœimplicating€Frank€Lee€Smith.€€While€recanting€her€testimony€against€Frank€Lee€Smith,€sheÏimplicated€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€as€the€real€murderer.€€Very€recently€new€DNA€testing€provedÏMosely€to€be€the€real€murderer.€€As€will€be€explained€in€more€detail€herein,€the€allegation€underÐ ,`'* Ðinvestigation€is€that€Detective€Scheff€committed€perjury€in€those€post€conviction€hearings€whenÏhe€attempted€to€discredit€the€recanting€witnessððs€testimony.€€Detective€Scheff€and€his€partner,ÏDetective€Phillip€Amabile,€both€testified€in€those€post€conviction€proceedings€that€during€theirÏoriginal€investigation€in€the€mid€1980's€they€showed€a€line„up€containing€Moselyððs€picture€to€theÏrecanting€witness€who€failed€to€identify€Mosely€as€the€killer.Ìà@\ \ ìàò òBASIC€FACTS€OF€THE€CASE€AGAINST€SMITHó óˆÐ `  Ðà  àThe€Florida€Supreme€Court€has€previously€described€the€trial€evidence€against€Smith€asÏfollows:à ` àÓÓÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àð ðThe€victim,€an€eight-year-old€female,€was€raped,€sodomized,€and€beatenÏseverely€by€a€blunt€instrument€in€her€home€at€approximately€11€p.m.€on€April€14,Ï1985.€€She€later€died€from€the€injuries.€€A€rock€used€in€the€beating€was€foundÏoutside€the€room€where€the€beating€occurred.€€Two€witnesses€identified€(Smith)€asÏa€man€they€had€encountered€in€the€street€outside€the€home€approximately€thirtyÏminutes€before€the€crime.€€One€of€the€witnesses€testified€that€(Smith)€made€aÏhomosexual€solicitation€to€him€and,€when€rebuffed,€stated€he€would€have€toÏmasturbate.€€The€mother€of€the€victim€identified€(Smith)€as€a€man€she€saw€leaningÏinto€the€window€when€she€returned€home€at€approximately€11:30€p.m.€andÏdiscovered€the€crime.€€Apparently€as€part€of€a€burglary,€a€television€set€had€beenÏmoved€to€the€window€where€(Smith)€was€seen.€€(Smith)€was€arrested€based€on€aÏcomposite€drawing€and€identification€by€one€of€the€witnesses€after€he€returned€toÏthe€neighborhood€attempting€to€sell€a€television€set.€€He€waived€his€rights€toÏremain€silent€and€to€have€a€lawyer€present€and€denied€he€committed€the€crimes€orÏhad€been€in€the€neighborhood€for€months.€€However,€when€falsely€told€that€theÏvictim's€young€brother€had€seen€him€commit€the€crimes,€(Smith)€replied€that€theÏbrother€could€not€have€seen€him€because€it€was€too€dark.€€The€identifications€wereÏstrenuously€challenged€by€the€defense,€but€the€jury€returned€guilty€verdicts€onÏfirst-degree€murder,€sexual€battery€by€a€person€eighteen€years€of€age€or€older€on€aÏperson€eleven€years€of€age€or€younger,€and€burglary€with€an€assault.€€The€juryÏrecommended€death€by€a€vote€of€twelve€to€zero.€€The€trial€judge€imposed€a€deathÏsentence€on€the€murder€count,€a€life€sentence€with€a€twenty-five€year€minimumÏmandatory€on€the€sexual€battery€conviction,€and€life€imprisonment€on€the€burglaryÏcharge.€€All€sentences€were€consecutive.ððÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓà  àSome€additional€facts€are€noteworthy.€The€home€that€the€victim€lived€in€was€an€extremely€Ð  +p&) Ðdilapidated€residence.€€The€victimððs€mother€had€been€working€a€3:00€p.m.€to€11:00€p.m.€shift€onÏthe€day€of€the€murder.€€She€left€her€two€children,€Shandra€(8)€and€Reginald€(9),€home€alone.€€TheÏperpetratorððs€point€of€entry€was€strongly€believed€to€be€a€window€frame€that€contained€no€glass,Ïleaving€it€permanently€open.€€At€trial,€the€home€was€described€as€a€ð ðtarget€of€opportunity€for€aÏburglar.ðð€€Ìà  àDetective€Scheff€and€his€partner€Detective€Amabile€interrogated€Smith.€€On€SmithððsÏrequest,€his€interview€was€not€taped.€€After€Smith€said€ð ðit€was€too€dark,ðð€Scheff€asked€him€howÏSmith€knew€the€lights€were€out.€€€Smith€replied,€ð ðDidnððt€you€say€the€lights€were€out?ðð€€ScheffÏresponded,€ð ðNo,€I€have€no€idea€whether€the€lights€were€on€or€off.ðð׃H×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ° Ðà  àThe€two€witnesses€referred€to€as€seeing€a€man€on€the€street€were€Gerald€Davis€and€ÏChiquita€Lowe.€€€Police€first€spoke€to€Gerald€Davis.€€Davis€advised€them€that€he€saw€ChiquitaÏLowe€come€in€contact€with€the€same€man€on€the€street€that€had€propositioned€him.€€The€manÏwalked€out€from€the€yard€of€the€McGriff€house€and€flagged€her€down€while€she€was€driving€aÏcar.€€Lowe€described€him€as€delirious.€€He€was€wearing€a€blue€windbreaker€and€a€red€and€whiteÏstriped€shirt.׃?i×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€He€asked€her€for€fifty€cents.€€She€told€him,€ð ðForget€about€it,ðð€and€left.€€The€manÐ ð@ Ðtouched€her€car.€€He€came€within€two€feet€of€Lowe.€€Lowe€described€him€as€having€ð ðwild€hair.ðð€ÏThe€Broward€Sheriffððs€Office€lifted€fingerprints€from€the€door€of€her€car.€€Ìà  àThe€space€in€time€between€the€two€witnesses,€Davis€and€Lowe,€encountering€a€man€in€theÐ $à" Ðstreet€and€the€victimððs€mother€arriving€at€her€home€was€much€more€than€ð ðapproximately€thirtyÏminutes.ðð€€€In€fact,€Lowe€and€Davis€described€seeing€the€man€at€about€10:00€p.m.€or€10:30€p.m.€ÏThe€victimððs€mother€returned€home€around€11:50€p.m.,€possibly€even€later.€€Ìà  àThe€exact€time€of€the€rape€and€murder€was€unknown.€€The€victimððs€aunt€had€checked€onÏthe€children€at€about€10:40€p.m.€€Thus,€the€rape€and€murder€were€committed€between€10:40€p.m.Ïand€11:50€p.m,€when€the€victimððs€mother€returned€home.Ìà  àSmithððs€defense€at€trial€was€that€he€was€falsely€identified€by€the€witnesses.€€Smith€hadÏalibi€witnesses.€€However,€Smithððs€lawyer€did€not€call€them€as€witnesses€in€the€guilt€phase€of€hisÏtrial;€rather,€he€called€them€in€the€penalty€phase.€€Ìà  àDuring€the€juryððs€guilt€phase€deliberation,€the€jury€requested€to€rehear€the€testimony€ofÏChiquita€Lowe.€€They€deliberated€for€eight€and€one€half€hours€prior€to€reaching€their€verdict€ofÏguilt.€€Ìà@ ìàò òTHE€PENALTY€PHASE€OF€SMITHððS€TRIALó óˆÐ 0€ Ðà  àDuring€the€penalty€phase€of€Smithððs€trial,€the€jury€learned€that€Ô‡*Xü“XXXÔSmith€was€twiceÐ ` Ðpreviously€convicted€of€murder.€€At€the€age€of€thirteen,€Smith€stabbed€a€fourteen„year„old€boy€toÏdeath.€€Incredibly,€he€only€spent€eleven€months€in€juvenile€detention€for€this€crime.€€A€few€yearsÏlater,€he€shot€and€killed€a€man€during€a€robbery€and€only€spent€fifteen€years€in€prison€beforeÏbeing€released€in€1981.€€€He€was€on€parole€for€that€murder€at€the€time€of€Shandraððs€murder.Ìà@Ë Ë ìàò òA.€€The€Robbery/Murder€Convictionó óˆÐ p&À!$ Ðà  àIn€the€trial€judgeððs€death€sentence€order,€he€described€the€prior€robbery/murder€convictionÏas€follows:€ð ðDefendant€while€in€the€back€seat€of€a€car€with€premeditation€shot€the€victim,€whoÏwas€seated€in€the€front€seat,€several€times€in€the€back€with€a€.38€caliber€pistol€and€a€.22€caliberÐ ,`'* Ðpistol€.€.€.€The€victim€moaned€and€the€Defendant€and€the€other€again€shot€the€victim€severalÏtimes.€€The€victim€died.ðð€€Because€Smith€was€convicted€as€an€adult€for€this€crime,€it€constitutedÏan€aggravating€factor€for€the€death€sentence€in€the€Shandra€Whitehead€case.€Ìà@Æ Æ ìàò òB.€€The€Stabbing€Murder€Convictionó óˆÐ P   Ðà  àThe€juvenile€murder€conviction,€however,€did€not€qualify€as€an€aggravating€circumstanceÏunder€Florida€law.€€Thus,€the€State€would€not€ordinarily€have€been€allowed€to€inform€the€jury€ofÏthat€prior€conviction.€€Nevertheless,€the€jury€did€learn€of€the€prior€juvenile€murder€convictionÏbecause€the€defense€ð ðopened€the€doorðð€to€such€evidence.€€€During€the€penalty€phase€of€SmithððsÏtrial,€Smithððs€aunt€testified€that,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðFrank€Lee€Smith€is€a€very€good€American€citizen.€€Frank€Lee€Smith€would€notÏhurt€anybody.€€Nobody.ðð€€Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓBecause€the€defense€elicited€this€testimony,€the€State€was€allowed€to€rebut€it€by€admittingÏevidence€detailing€the€facts€underlying€the€juvenile€murder€conviction.€Ìà  à€A€portion€of€the€trial€judgeððs€death€sentence€order€detailed€Smithððs€past€criminalÏconduct.€€The€judge€first€noted€Smithððs€convictions€for€numerous€dwelling€burglaries.€€The€judgeÏthen€described€the€stabbing€conviction.€€He€stated,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðOn€September€30,€1960,€at€the€age€of€13€years€the€Defendant€stabbed€with€aÏknife€a€schoolmate€in€the€back€over€an€argument€concerning€a€small€amount€ofÏmoney.€€The€victim€died.€€The€Defendant€was€declared€delinquent€byÏManslaughter€and€was€committed€to€(a€juvenile€detention€facility)€.€.€.€where€heÏwas€released€after€11€months.ððÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓà  àÔ#†Xü“XX*Xü“#ÔAfter€the€jury€recommended€the€death€sentence,€the€court€held€an€allocution€hearing.€€AtÐ `'°"% Ðthis€allocution€hearing,€Smith€made€a€long,€rambling€statement€in€which€he€voiced€manyÏcomplaints.€€One€of€Smithððs€observations€was€that,€Ð  +p&) ÐÓÓà8  àð ðDefendant€(himself)€was€connected€to€the€crime€but€statement€by€the€victimÏmother€stating€she€saw€a€figure,€a€figure€standing€by€the€window,€not€going€in€orÏout,€a€figure,€and€the€point€must€be€established€òòwhether€this€figure€was€actuallyÐ à Ðthe€figure€that€raped€and€killed€the€victim.óóððÔ‡*Xü“XXXü“ԀЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌÓÓà  à€Ô#†Xü“XX*Xü“ˆ+#ÔSmith€was€not€executed.€€Rather,€on€January€30,€2000,€he€died€from€cancer€in€prisonÐ ` ° Ðwhile€his€appeals€were€pending.€€Ìà@| | ìàò òDNA€EXCLUDES€SMITH,€MATCHES€MOSELYó óˆÐ  p  Ðà  àAfter€Smithððs€death,€DNA€testing€of€semen€found€in€vaginal€swabbings€from€ShandraÏWhitehead€excluded€Frank€Lee€Smith.׃E×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€results€matched€Eddie€Lee€Mosely,€another€suspectÐ à0  Ðin€the€case.€€This€new€DNA€finding€caused€the€Broward€State€Attorneyððs€Office€to€posthumouslyÏvacate€Smithððs€judgment€and€sentence.€€Ìà  àSubsequent€to€the€DNA€testing€and€the€vacation€of€Smithððs€conviction,€Smithððs€lawyers,Ïmost€notably€Barry€Scheck,€Esq.,€alleged€that€lead€Detective€Richard€Scheff€committed€perjuryÏwhile€testifying€in€post€conviction€hearings€held€in€1991€and€1998€regarding€Smithððs€case.€ÏSpecifically,€they€alleged€that€during€those€hearings,€Detective€Scheff€lied€about€the€existenceÏand€use€of€a€line„up€containing€Eddie€Lee€Moselyððs€picture€during€the€original€investigation.€Ìà@11ìàò òIDENTIFICATIONS€OF€SMITH€THAT€SUPPORTED€HIS€CONVICTIONó óˆÐ à0 Ðà  àTo€reiterate,€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis€had€seen€a€strange€man€on€Shandraððs€streetÏover€an€hour€before€Shandraððs€mother€arrived€home€from€work.€€On€April€17,€1985,€three€daysÏafter€the€murder,€Lowe€and€Davis€worked€with€police€to€create€a€composite€sketch€of€the€manÏthey€had€seen.€€Police€showed€the€sketch€to€Dorothy€McGriff,€the€victimððs€mother.€€She€had€seenÐ `'°"% Ða€dark€skinned,€six€foot€tall€black€male,€wearing€an€orange€tee€shirt€and€blue€jeans,€with€heavilyÏmuscled€arms,€shoulders€and€chest.€€Though€she€did€not€get€a€good€look€at€the€manððs€face,€sheÏstated€that€the€composite€looked€like€the€same€man€she€saw€at€the€open€window€of€her€home.€€AtÏthat€moment€police€believed€that€the€man€whom€Dorothy€McGriff€saw€at€the€house€and€the€manÏseen€earlier€on€the€street€were€one€and€the€same.€€Ìà  àFour€days€after€the€murder,€while€police€were€disseminating€the€composite€sketch€in€theÏcommunity,€Chiquita€Lowe€called€the€police€to€report€that€she€had€just€seen€the€same€man€at€herÏhome€trying€to€sell€a€ð ðhotðð€television€whom€she€had€seen€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€ÏHer€grandmother€had€answered€the€door.€€Her€uncle€Jack€noticed€that€the€man€at€the€door€lookedÏlike€the€man€in€the€composite.€€He€immediately€advised€Chiquita€who€then€looked€out€of€theÏback€door€and€saw€the€man€walking€away.€€When€he€turned€his€head,€she€saw€his€face.€€When€theÏpolice€arrived,€Lowe€was€visibly€shaken.€€She€was€horrified€because€she€felt€that€his€appearanceÏat€her€home€was€an€implied€threat€against€her€as€a€witness.€€She€later€told€detectives€that€the€manÏat€the€door€told€her€grandmother,€ð ð...(H)eððs€gonna€get€that€little€yellow€girl,€talking€about€myselfÏ(Chiquita€Lowe).ðð€€Police€immediately€took€steps€to€track€the€man€down€in€the€neighborhood.€ÏThey€showed€the€composite€to€some€men€hanging€out€on€the€street€playing€›dominoesœ.€€The€menÏstated€that€the€man€in€the€composite€was€ð ðFrank€L.ðð€€A€policeman€drove€around€Broward€CountyÏlooking€for€ð ðFrank€L.ðð€€He€took€with€him€the€composite€drawing€and€one€of€the€men€on€the€streetÏwho€was€familiar€with€ð ðFrank€L.ðð€€They€found€ð ðFrank€Lðð€walking€down€the€street.€€He€wasÏFrank€Lee€Smith.€€Smith€was€arrested€for€carrying€a€concealed€knife.€€The€policeman€whoÏarrested€Smith€felt€that€Smith€matched€the€composite€drawing.Ìà  àDetective€Scheff€placed€Smithððs€photograph€in€a€photo€line„up.€€Lowe€picked€Smith€outÐ ,`'* Ðof€the€photo€line€up.€€In€a€taped,€sworn€pre„trial€statement€Scheff€asked€Lowe€if€she€was€certainÏabout€her€identification€of€Frank€Lee€Smith.€€She€stated€that€she€was€ð ðpositive.ðð€€Scheff€alsoÏasked€her,€ð ðDid€I€point€that€photograph€out€to€you€or€tell€you€to€select€it?ðð€€She€answered,€ð ðNoÏyou€did€not.ðð€€Scheff€then€asked,€ð ðAnd€we€havenððt€threatened€you€in€any€way?ðð€€She€responded,Ïð ðNo.ðð€€Lowe€identified€Smith€as€both€the€man€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder,€and€theÏman€that€came€to€her€house€four€days€later€trying€to€sell€a€television€set.Ìà  àSmithððs€attorney€took€a€pre„trial€sworn€deposition€of€Lowe.€€The€prosecutor€was€notÏpresent.€€Once€again,€Lowe€clearly€stated€that€the€man€at€her€house€was€the€man€she€saw€on€theÏstreet€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€her,€ð ðDid€you€see€the€guy€again€after€thatÏ(the€night€of€the€murder)?ðð€€She€answered,€ð ðYes...He€came€to€my€house€trying€to€sellðð€a€hotÏtelevision.€€Lowe€told€Smithððs€lawyer€that€she€picked€out€Smith€from€a€photo€line„up€as€the€manÏshe€saw.€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€Lowe€what€about€Smithððs€appearance€resembled€the€man€sheÏsaw.€€She€responded,€ð ðEverything...the€hair,€the€face,€that€eye,€them€holes€in€his€face,€all€itÏlooked€just€like€him.ðð€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked,€ð ðAnd,€you€say€your€pretty€sure€thatððs€the€guyÏ(Smith)€you€saw?ðð€€She€answered,€ð ðYes.ðð€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked,€ð ðDid€the€police€indicate€to€you,Ïwhen€they€showed€you€those€photographs,€that€manððs€picture€would€be€in€those€six?ðð€€SheÏanswered,€ð ðThey€just€showed€them€to€me€and€I€just€picked€him€out.ðð€€Smithððs€lawyer€also€askedÏher€if€the€police€seemed€anxious€to€have€her€make€an€identification.€€Lowe€stated€that€they€didÏnot.Ìà  àLowe€also€gave€sworn€testimony€at€the€Grand€Jury€and€at€Smithððs€trial€that€Frank€LeeÏSmith€was€the€person€she€saw€both€on€the€night€of€the€murder,€and€four€days€later.€€At€trial€theÏprosecutor€asked€her,€ð ðWhat€happened€when€(the€detectives)€brought€you€pictures?ðð€€She€stated,Ð ,`'* Ðð ðThey€said,€look€at€these€photographs.€€They€say,€if€you€see€the€man€you€seen€that€night€on€thatÏday,€just€point€him€out€and€I€point€him€out.ðð€€The€prosecutor€then€asked,€ð ð(Is€there)€anyÏhesitation€on€your€part€in€pointing€out€the€man€(Smith)?ðð€€She€replied,€ð ðNo.ðð€€The€prosecutorÏalso€asked,€ð ðNow€did€the€police€help€you€as€to€who€you€should€pick€out?ðð€€She€answered,€ð ðNo.ðð€€ÏShe€stated€that€there€was€ð ðno€doubtðð€in€her€mind€that€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€the€man€she€saw€bothÏon€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder€and€at€her€home€four€days€later.€€Ìà  àDorothy€McGriff,€mother€of€the€victim,€also€picked€Smith€out€of€the€photo€line€up.€WhenÏshe€did,€she€let€out€a€scream,€poked€at€his€picture,€started€to€cry€and€stated,€ð ðThat€is€the€man€thatÏdid€my€baby!ðð€€At€trial,€She€identified€Smith€as€the€person€she€saw€standing€outside€the€openÏwindow.€€Her€identification€of€Smith€at€trial€was€unequivocal€and€emotional.€€She€testified€atÏtrial€that€no€one€suggested€to€her€in€any€way€whom€she€should€pick€out€of€the€line„up.€€However,Ïit€was€clear€that€her€identification€of€Smith€was€based€upon€seeing€his€shoulders.€€She€did€not€getÏa€good€look€at€the€face€of€the€man€at€the€window.€€She€saw€the€manððs€face€in€a€ð ðflash.ððÌà  àDetectives€also€showed€Gerald€Davis€the€Smith€photo€line€up.€€Though€he€picked€SmithÏout€of€the€photo€line„up,€Davis€insisted€upon€a€live€line„up€identification.€€Davis€picked€SmithÏout€of€the€live€line„up.€€He€had€only€one€slight€reservation€regarding€the€identification.€€He€wasÏuncomfortable€with€Smithððs€height.€€Davis€gave€a€sworn€deposition€and€testified€at€trial.€€At€trial,Ïhe€identified€Frank€Lee€Smith€as€the€man€he€saw€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€€TheÏprosecutor€asked€Davis€whether€the€police€hinted€or€suggested€to€him€whom€he€should€identifyÏfrom€the€photo€line„up.€€€Davis€stated,€ð ðNo,€just€showed€them€to€me€and,€do€any€of€these€lookÏlike€the€guy€you€saw.€€I€picked€number€two€(Smith).ðð€€However,€on€cross€examination€DavisÏadmitted€that€he€felt€pressured€to€make€an€identification.€€The€defense€attorney€asked€Davis:Ð ,`'* ÐÓÓà8  àQ:à ` àDidnððt€you€keep€saying€to€the€police,€I€donððt€know€if€this€is€the€guy€andÐ ° Ðdidnððt€they€keep€saying€to€you,€donððt€feel€that€you€are€going€to€send€an€innocentÏman€to€jail€in€an€effort€to€get€you€to€stick€to€your€story?Ð Ð Ð  ÐÓOKÓÓÓÌà  àA:à ` àYes.€×ƒ2×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð pÀ ÐÌHowever,€on€redirect€examination€the€prosecutor€asked€Davis:ÌÌà  àQ:à ` àWhat€can€you€say€about€that€photograph€(Smith)?Ð 0 € Ðà  àÌà  àA:à ` àHeððs€here€and€that€is€who€I€saw€that€night.Ð `  ÐÌÓÓDavisððs€testimony€was€less€powerful€than€Loweððs.€€In€fact,€the€prosecutor€asked€the€judge€to€callÏDavis€as€a€ð ðcourt€witness.ðð€€The€prosecutor€stated€that€he€believed€Davis€was€changing€hisÏtestimony€and€consequently€the€prosecutor€could€not€ð ðvouch€for€his€credibility.ðð€Ìà  àAnother€witness,€Jack€Lampley,€Chiquita€Loweððs€uncle,€also€saw€Smith€at€Loweððs€houseÏtrying€to€sell€the€television€set.€€Lampley€was€familiar€with€Smith€from€the€neighborhood.€ÏLampley€had€seen€Smith€around€town€prior€to€Smithððs€arrival€at€Loweððs€house.€€LampleyÏtestified€at€trial€and€identified€Smith.€€Lampley€testified€that€the€man€he€saw€at€the€house€hadÏscars€on€his€chest.€€To€prove€that€Lampley€was€misidentifying€Frank€Lee€Smith,€Smithððs€lawyerÏhad€Smith€expose€his€chest€to€Lampley€in€view€of€the€jury.€€Smith€lowered€his€shirt€just€enoughÏto€expose€the€unscarred€portion€of€his€chest.€€The€prosecutor€insisted€that€Smith€show€theÏunexposed€portion€of€his€chest€to€the€jury.€€The€judge€granted€the€request.€€When€Smith€took€offÏhis€shirt,€noticeable€scars€became€evident€to€the€jurors.€€The€trial€prosecutor€was€WilliamÏDimitrouleas,€who€is€now€a€federal€judge.€€€I€took€a€taped,€sworn€statement€from€him€during€thisÐ p&À!$ Ðinvestigation.€€He€advised€me€that€he€believes€this€moment€was€the€turning€point€in€an€otherwiseÏclose€case.€€It€allowed€him€to€argue€to€the€jury€that€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€hiding€something.€€InÏfact,€in€closing€argument€he€repeatedly€argued€that€ð ðactions€speak€louder€than€words,ðð€meaningÏthat€Smithððs€behavior€in€hiding€his€scar€was€compelling€evidence€of€his€guilt.Ìòòà@ ìàò òóóSUSPECTS€DURING€THE€INVESTIGATIONòòó óˆÐ 0 € Ðóóà  àThe€police€considered€several€suspects€during€the€investigation.€€One€suspect€was€a€manÐ `  Ðnamed€James€Freeman.€€Freeman€had€walked€up€to€the€crime€scene€and€acted€suspiciously.€ÏDetectives€put€Freemanððs€picture€in€a€photo€line„up€and€showed€it€to€Davis,€Lowe€and€McGriff.€ÏThey€did€not€identify€Freeman.€€Detective€Scheff€did€not€notate€in€his€police€reports€showing€theÏFreeman€line„up€to€any€of€the€witnesses.€€Ìà  àAn€additional€suspect€in€the€case€was€Eddie€Lee€Mosely,€a.k.a.€Jessie€Smith,€described€byÏdetectives€and€others€as€a€ð ðnotorious€criminalðð€in€that€neighborhood.€€At€the€time€of€ShandraððsÏmurder,€Moselyððs€modus€operandi€was€sexual€violence€against€adult€prostitutes.€€Mosely€was€aÏcousin€of€Dorothy€McGriff,€the€victimððs€mother.€€The€existence€and€use€of€a€photo€line„upÏincluding€Mosely€is€the€subject€matter€of€the€alleged€perjurious€testimony.€€òòà x àóóÐ ð@ Ðà  àAnother€suspect€was€Edwin€McGriff.€€Like€Mosely,€Edwin€McGriff€was€also€a€cousin€ofÏthe€victimððs€mother.׃M×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€òòò òÐ °"  ÐÓÓÓ  Óà@@ïï ìàóóÐ $à" ÐSCHEFFððS€AND€AMABILEððS€DEPOSITION€AND€TRIAL€ÌTESTIMONY€REGARDING€EDDIE€LEE€MOSELYó óà @ àÓºYÓÐ  ð ÐÓÌYÓà  àPrior€to€trial,€Smithððs€attorney€took€Scheffððs€deposition.€€Smithððs€lawyerððs€purpose€was€toÏlearn€all€that€was€done€during€the€investigation.€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€about€many€topicsÏincluding€the€crime€scene,€the€interrogation€of€Smith׃9×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×,€police€contact€with€witnesses,€whatÐ @  Ðwitnesses€told€the€police,€neighborhood€canvassing,€and€to€some€extent€other€suspects€in€theÏcase.€€Smithððs€attorney€never€specifically€asked€Scheff€about€Eddie€Lee€Mosely.€€With€regard€toÏother€suspects€involved€in€the€case,€a€few€names€were€mentioned€during€the€deposition€includingÏJames€Freeman€and€a€man€nicknamed€ð ðGator€mouth.ðð€€At€one€point€in€the€deposition€SmithððsÏlawyer€asked:€ÌÓÓà  àQ:à ` àDid€you€have,€at€this€point€in€time,€anybody€in€mind?€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àA:à ` àYou€mean€as€a€suspect?€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àYes.Ð @ ÐÌà  àA:à ` àOh,€no.Ð  p ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àHow€about€any€relative€of€the€deceased,€uncles,€cousins?Ð P ÐÌà8  àA:à ` àWe€had€booked€an€individual€by€the€name€of€Edwin€McGriff,€who€is€aÐ à0 Ðcousin€to€Dorothy.€€As€I€had€indicated€earlier,€we€checked€with€„€on€the€first€night,Ïfor€similar€crimes.€€And,€at€that€point€in€time€we€discovered€that€Edwin€McGriffÏhad€been€accused€of€a€sexual€battery€of€a€minor€black€female€child,€andÏsubsequently,€we€sat€Dorothy€McGriff€down€and€explored€the€possibility€with€herÏthat€it€might€have€been€her€cousin.€€She€was€quite€emphatic€that€the€person€thatÏshe€had€seen€was€not€her€cousin€and€that€she€was€being€truthful.€€It€was€my€feelingÏthat€she€was.Ðp&À!$Ð Ð  ЇÓÓOne€of€the€questions€that€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€was€the€ð ðcatch€allðð€question:€ð ðIs€there€anythingÏelse€thatððs€happened€in€this€case€that€we€havenððt€discussed?ðð€€Scheff€did€not€mention€theÏexistence€or€use€of€a€line„up€including€Eddie€Lee€Mosely.€€Ìà  àSmithððs€lawyer€also€deposed€Scheffððs€partner,€Detective€Amabile.€€Regarding€otherÏsuspects,€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€the€following€questions:ÌÓÓà8  àQ:à ` àIs€there€anybody€else€that€you€came€into€contact€with?€€Did€you€ever€haveÐ `  Ðany€other€person€or€persons€under€„€did€anybody€ever€come€forward€as€a€suspectÏin€your€mind€prior€to€getting€to€Frank€L.,€the€Frank€L.€name?Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àA:à ` àWe€had€a€„„€prior€to€Frank€L.,€there€was€a€subject€that€we€had€gotten€someÐ Ð  Ðinformation€on€which€was€very,€very€sketchy€information.€€I€donððt€know€if€thatððsÏthe€right€word€to€use,€but€someone€had€called€and€gave€us€the€name€of€somebodyÏwho€had€come€to€the€scene€that€night.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà0  àQ:à ` àIs€that€Freeman?ЀÐ(#(# ÐÌà0  àA:à ` àI€believe€thatððs€his€name......Ð`°(#(# ÐÌLater€in€the€deposition,€Smithððs€attorney€asked:à  àà p àÐ @ ÐÓ™cÓÓÓÌà8  àQ:à ` àDid€you€ever€investigate€any€of€the€family€membersðð€background€orÐ  p Ðhistory€on€family€members€to€see€whether€or€not,€in€fact,€some€of€them€may€haveÏbeen€involved€in€this;€cousins,€nephews,€uncles?Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àA:à ` àThat€was€originally€thought€of€in€the€beginning€when€I€first€got€there.€€InÐ à0 Ðfact€some€of€the€questions€that€I€asked€Dorothy€was€past€boyfriends,€and€so€forth,Ïand€so€on,€and€there€was€nobody€recent.€€Her€boyfriend€that€she€had,€they€partedÏfriends€and€they€had€not€seen€each€other€in€months.€€There€was€no€other€maleÏfigures€around€that€house.Ó?gÓÐ Ð Ð  Ðà  àBy€the€time€of€trial,€Smithððs€lawyer€knew€that€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€was€one€of€the€suspectsÏin€the€case.׃8×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Detectives€had€›unsuccessfullyœ€attempted€to€match€the€fingerprints€of€Eddie€LeeÐ `'°"% ÐMosely€and€other€suspects€to€fingerprints€found€on€Chiquita€Loweððs€car.€€The€police€generated€aÏreport€to€that€effect€on€April€16,€1985.€€This€report€was€available€to€Smithððs€lawyer.€€At€trial,ÏSmithððs€lawyer€asked€Scheff€on€cross€examination€the€following€series€of€questions€relating€toÏMosely€and€other€suspects:ÌÓÓà  àQ.à ` àWas€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€ever€a€suspect€in€this€case?Ð 0 € ÐÌà  àA.à ` àò òEddie€Lee€Mosely€was€a€suspect€in€this€case€along€with€Edwin€McGriff.€€ó óÐ `  Ðà  àà ` àò òInitially€when€we€first€began€investigating€the€case,€(we)€really€had€no€Ð P  Ðà  àà ` àspecific€direction€to€go€in.Ìó óÌà  àQ.à ` àHow€about€Jessie€Smith?Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àA.€à ` àJessie€Smith€is€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€under€an€alias€name.Ð ° ÐÌà  àQ.à ` àLee€Greely›,€G„r„e„e„l„y€Smith?Ð à ÐÌà  àA.€à ` àI€donððt€know.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àQ.à ` àThatððs€all€I€have.Ð P  ÐÌà  àA.à ` àSpell€it€again?Ð 0€ Ðà  àÌà  àQ.à ` àG„r„e„e„l„y.€€€Doesnððt€that€ring€a€bell?Ð ` Ðà  àÌà  àA.à ` àNo.Ð ð@ Ðà  àÌà  àQ.€à ` àThe€man€called€Gator€Mouth€ever€a€suspect€in€this€case?Ð Ð  Ðà  àÌà  àA.à ` àYes.Ð °"  Ðà  àÌà  àQ.à ` àThe€man€that€went€by€the€name€Gator€Mouth?Ð $à" Ðà  àÌà  àA.à ` àRight.Ð p&À!$ Ðà  àÌà  àQ.à ` àWas€a€guy€by€the€name€of€Big€John€ever€a€suspect€in€this€case?Ð P( #& ÐÌà  àA.à ` àYes.€€I€wouldnððt€say€they€were€suspects€in€the€case.€€I€would€say€they€were€people€Ð 0*€%( Ðà  àà ` àwho€were€brought€to€our€attention€for€one€reason€or€another.ÌÐ ,`'* Ðà  àQ.à ` àHow€about€Eddie€Simmons,€did€you€ever€check€with€John€Boucada€of€your€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àdepartment?€€He€supposedly€looks€like€Mr.€Smith.ÌÌà  àà ` àPROSECUTOR:€I€will€object€to€counsel€testifying€and€Iððm€objecting€to€the€form€¼à  àà ` àof€the€question.Ìà  àà ` à€Ìà  àà ` àTHE€COURT:€Objection€sustained,€may€be€rephrased.Ìà  àÌà  àQ.€à ` àDid€you€ever€investigate€Eddie€Smith?Ð 0 € ÐÌà  àA.à ` àEddie€Simmons?Ð `  Ðà  àÌà  àQ.à ` àSimmons.Ð ð@  ÐÌà  àA.à ` àNo,€sir.Ð Ð  Ðà  àÌà  àQ.à ` àNever€had€any€contact€with€Detective€Boucada€regarding€him?Ð ° Ðà  àÌà  àA.à ` àNo,€sir.Ð à ÐÌòòà  àQ.à ` àò òWere€any€of€these€people€ever€shown€to€any€of€the€witnesses€in€either€a€photo€orÐ pÀ Ðà  àà ` àlive€line„up,€people€whose€names€I€just€read€off€other€than€Freeman?ó óÐ `° ÐÌà  àA.à ` àò òOther€than€Freeman,€no.Ð @ Ðóóó óÌà  àDetective€Scheffððs€partner,€Detective€Phillip€Amabile,€also€testified€œat€the€original€ÌÌÓÓtrial.€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€him€about€the€number€of€line„ups€used€during€the€investigation.€ÏSmithððs€lawyer€first€established€that€the€police€considered€several€suspects,€including€Eddie€LeeÏMosely.€€The€defense€attorney€then€asked€Amabile:ÌÓÓà  àQ:à ` àWere€any€of€these€other€people€other€than€Mr.€Freeman€in€the€photographic€Ð  #ð! Ðà  àà ` àdisplay€or€in€the€live€line„up€shown€to€any€other€witnesses?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àNo.Ó˜yÓÐ p&À!$ Ðà@ìì*ìàò òˆÌÌÐ ,`'* ÐÓ  ÓFOUR€YEARS€AFTER€SMITHððS€CONVICTION,€CHIQUITA€LOWE€RECANTSó óÐ ° ÐÓîzÓà  àApproximately€four€years€after€the€trial€and€conviction,€Smithððs€lawyers€(CCR)€×ƒ@×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€filed€aÐ à ÐMotion€for€Post€Conviction€Relief.€€During€the€course€of€the€ensuing€litigation,€Smithððs€attorneysÏsupplemented€their€motion€with€an€affidavit€of€Chiquita€Lowe.€€€Defense€Investigator€JeffreyÏWalsh€obtained€the€affidavit€from€Lowe.€€In€1989,€Walsh€took€a€single€photograph€of€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€to€show€to€Chiquita€Lowe.€€The€photograph€was€a€1981€picture€of€Mosely€in€whichÏMosely€had€a€significantly€full€afro.׃4i×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€her€affidavit,€Lowe€stated,€òòinter€aliaóó,€as€follows:€Ð ð@  ÐÓÓà8  àð ðOn€December€10,€1989,€I€was€shown€a€photo€[of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely]€and€asked€ifÏthis€was€the€man€who€approached€me€and€asked€for€fifty€cents€back€in€1985.€ÏWhen€I€looked€at€the€picture€everything€came€back€to€me.€€The€photo€is€attachedÏto€this€affidavit.€€The€man€in€the€photo€is€without€a€doubt€the€man€I€saw.€€I€knowÏthat€he€is€not€the€same€man€who€was€on€trial€for€the€little€girl's€murder.€€I€am€soÏsorry€that€the€wrong€man€is€in€prison€and€sentenced€to€death...I€swear€on€myÏmother's€grave€that€the€man€in€the€photo€is€the€man€I€saw€on€the€street€the€nightÏwhen€the€little€girl€was€raped€and€killed.€€I€identified€the€wrong€man€in€theÏcourtroom.ðð€€Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà@''ìàò òTHE€FIRST€COURT€HEARING€REGARDING€LOWEððS€RECANTATIONó óÓӈР0€ Ðà  àIn€1991,€a€circuit€court€judge€in€Broward€County€conducted€an€evidentiary€hearingÏconcerning€Chiquita€Loweððs€recantation.€€Lowe€recanted€her€trial€testimony€in€which€sheÏidentified€Frank€Lee€Smith€as€the€man€she€saw€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€SheÐ Ð  Ðtestified€that€during€the€original€investigation€detectives€showed€her€several€line€ups.€€She€couldÏnot€remember€if€she€was€able€to€pick€anyone€out.€€She€could€not€remember€picking€out€FrankÏLee€Smith€at€all,€or€testifying€under€oath€to€that€effect€on€at€least€three€prior€occasions.€€€SheÏclaimed€that€she€never€lied€in€the€original€trial.€€She€testified€that€she€felt€like€she€was€underÏpressure€from€detectives€who€kept€telling€her€how€dangerous€the€man€was.€€She€could€notÏremember€giving€a€deposition€to€Smithððs€lawyer€without€the€prosecutor€or€detectives€beingÏpresent.€€She€had€no€explanation€as€to€why€she€did€not€express€her€doubts€to€Smithððs€lawyer€inÏdeposition.€€Regarding€her€trial€testimony€she€stated€that€she€felt€pressure€from€the€ð ðcommunity,Ïfriends,€etc.ðð€€Late€in€her€testimony,€she€alleged€that€the€detectives€and€the€prosecutor€told€her:€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðððThis€the€man€who€did€it,€you€just€have€to€say€this€is€the€man€because€he€need€toÏbe€off€the€street.ðð€€And€I€was€thinking€about€this€little€girlððs€mama,€that€sheððsÏgoing€through€this,€what€had€happened€with€her€daughter€and€everything.€€I€wasÏjust€confused.ðð€€€ÓB†ÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐWhen€asked€why€she€never€told€anyone€of€her€doubts€regarding€her€identification€of€Smith€sheÏstated,€ð ðI€know€she€had€got€killed€and€thatððs€all€that€was€going€through€my€mind,€the€little€girlÏgot€killed.ðð€€Ìà  àLowe€claimed€that€pressure€from€the€detectives€started€after€they€arrested€Smith.€€Yet,Ïvery€significantly,€Lowe€never€recanted€the€fact€that€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€in€fact€the€man€tryingÏto€sell€the€television€at€her€house.€€Rather,€she€claimed€he€was€not€the€man€she€saw€on€the€streetÏon€the€night€of€the€murder.€€She€never€claimed€to€have€expressed€doubt€to€anyone€involved€in€theÏcase€regarding€whether€the€man€she€saw€on€the€street€was€the€same€man€who€came€to€her€house.€ÏDuring€the€original€investigation€she€was€consistently€adamant€that€the€two€men€were€one€andÏthe€same.€€She€continually€held€to€that€assertion€from€the€time€she€called€the€police€to€report€theÐ  +p&) Ðmanððs€presence€at€her€door€through€the€trial.€€The€connection€between€the€two€incidents€wasÏcreated€solely€by€Lowe€and€her€relatives€in€her€home€who€felt€that€the€man€at€the€door€lookedÏlike€the€man€in€the€composite.€€No€one€involved€in€the€case,€including€the€detectives,€prosecutor,Ïor€Smithððs€lawyer,€would€have€known€if€she€was€unsure€regarding€that€most€crucial€fact.Ìà  àIn€her€1991€testimony,€Lowe€denied€that€Scheff€ever€showed€her€a€picture€of€Eddie€LeeÏMosely.€€She€stated€that€had€he€done€so,€she€would€have€ð ðknown€that€it€was€him.ðð€€Ìà  àBased€upon€severe€problems€with€her€testimony€the€1991€judge€found€Loweððs€recantationÏunworthy€of€belief.׃.×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€In€his€order,€the€judge€wrote€that,€ð ðMs.€Loweððs€testimony€at€theÐ Ð  Ðevidentiary€hearing€was€extremely€hesitant,€slow€and€evasive.€€€The€Court€finds€that€her€memoryÏat€the€evidentiary€hearing€was€not€very€good€as€to€many€of€the€questions€answered...and€that€sheÏgave€unequivocal,€sworn€testimony€in€front€of€the€jury€at€the€defendantððs€(original)€trial.ðð€€TheÏjudge€also€noted€that€after€the€Smith€trial€Lowe€had€been€convicted€of€a€crime€involvingÏdishonesty.ò òÐ 0€ ÐÓ  ÓÓÓà@@ÄÄ ìàSCHEFF€TESTIFIES€FOR€THE€FIRST€TIME€ABOUT€A€LINE„UP€CONTAININGÏMOSELYó óÐ P ÐÓIÓÌÓ=Óà  àAt€the€1991€hearing€Detective€Scheff€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€original€investigationÏhe€and€his€partner,€Detective€Amabile,€showed€a€photo€line„up€display€containing€a€photographÐ °"  Ðof€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€to€Dorothy€McGriff,€Gerald€Davis,€and€Chiquita€Lowe.€€Scheff€testifiedÏthat€he€and€Amabile€first€showed€this€line„up€to€the€victimððs€mother,€Dorothy€McGriff.€€SheÏidentified€Mosely€as€her€cousin.€€Scheff€did€not€know€of€their€relation€prior€to€this€mention€of€it.€ÏDorothy€McGriff€was€adamant€that€Mosely€was€not€the€man€at€the€house.€€According€to€Scheff,Ïhe€and€Amabile€then€showed€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis.€€Neither€identified€Mosely.€€ThisÏtestimony€relating€to€the€preparation€and€use€of€a€photo€line„up€containing€Mosely€is€the€focus€ofÏthis€investigation.€€More€specifically,€the€allegation€under€investigation€is€that€in€1991€ScheffÏlied€about€the€existence€of€the€Mosely€line„up€during€the€initial€investigation€and€that€it€wasÏshown€to€Lowe.€€According€to€the€allegation,€Scheff€lied€about€this€fact€to€discount€LoweððsÏrecantation€claim€that€she€was€sure€that€Mosely,€not€Smith,€was€the€person€she€saw.€€€ScheffÏsought€to€establish€that€if€Lowe€were€so€sure€that€Mosely€was€the€man€she€saw,€she€would€haveÏpicked€him€out€of€a€photo€line„up€at€the€time€of€the€original€investigation.€Ìà  àThough€Scheff€testified€about€the€Mosely€line„up€at€the€1991€hearing,€he€did€not€produceÏit€in€court.€€Neither€the€prosecutor€nor€Smithððs€attorney€asked€him€to€bring€it€to€court.€€ScheffÏtestified€that€there€were€three€separate€lineups€used€in€the€investigation,€one€for€Smith,€FreemanÏand€Mosely€respectively.€€In€cross€examination,€Smithððs€lawyer€did€not€ask€Scheff€to€give€anyÏspecific€details€about€where€and€when€the€Mosely€line„up€was€shown€to€Davis€and€Lowe.€€Ìà  àScheff€testified€that€he€remembered€showing€the€Mosely€line„up€to€the€witnesses€becauseÏhe€had€just€finished€investigating€Mosely€for€murdering€women€found€raped€and€murdered€inÏarea€churches,€referred€to€as€the€ð ðchurch€murders.ðð€€Scheff€further€testified€that€during€theÏoriginal€investigation€Moselyððs€prints€were€unsuccessfully€compared€to€those€found€on€LoweððsÏcar.€€Examination€revealed€that€they€were€Loweððs€fingerprints.€€Ð ,`'* Ðà  àSmithððs€lawyer€confronted€Scheff€with€his€prior€trial€testimony€(above)€to€the€effect€thatÏthe€only€photo€line„ups€used€were€of€Smith€and€Freeman.€€Scheff€admitted€that€his€1991Ïtestimony€was€inconsistent€with€his€prior€testimony€at€the€original€trial.€€Smithððs€lawyerÏestablished€that€Scheff€never€notated€in€his€police€reports€the€existence€or€use€of€the€Mosely€line„¼up׃1×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€Scheff€when€the€Mosely€line„up€was€shown€to€all€three€witnesses.€Ð 0 € ÐScheff€stated,€ð ðI€would€say€within€a€day€(and€a)€half,€two€days,€but€Iððm€guessing€at€this€point.ðð€ÏThere€was€no€cross€examination€of€Scheff€regarding€his€degree€of€certainty€that€he€showed€theÏMosely€line„up€not€only€to€McGriff,€but€also€to€Davis€and€Lowe.Ìà@88 ìàò òSCHEFFððS€PARTNER€ALSO€TESTIFIES€THAT€THERE€WAS€A€MOSELY€LINE„UPó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àDetective€Amabile,€Scheffððs€partner,€also€testified€at€the€1991€hearing.€€Amabile€testifiedÏafter€Scheff€testified.€€Amabile€had€been€present€in€the€courtroom€during€Scheffððs€testimony.€ÏAmabile€stated€that€he€also€remembered€showing€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Chiquita€Lowe.€ÏHowever,€he€could€only€remember€specific€details€about€showing€the€line„up€to€DorothyÏMcGriff.€€He€stated:ÌÓÓà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€have€any€recollection€of€showing€the€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€photo€line„up€to€Ð ð@ Ðà  àà ` àChiquita€Lowe?ÓGŸÓÌà  àA:€€à ` àDo€I€have€a€recollection€of€it?Ð À! Ðà  àQ:à ` àYes.Ð  #ð! ÐÓÓà  àA:à ` àYes,€òòò òbecause€I€believe€after€we€left€Dorothy€McGriff€is€when€we€went€to€see€Ð €%Ð # Ðà  àà ` àChiquita€Loweó óóó.Ó– ÓÐ p&À!$ Ðà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€have€any€written€documentation€verifying€that?Ð P( #& Ðà  àA:à ` àNo,€I€didnððt€do€any€paperwork€in€this€case€whatsoever.Ð ° ÐÓÓà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€know€whether€the€trial€testimony€is€consistent€or€inconsistent€with€that?€€Ð à Ðà  àà ` àHave€you€had€a€chance€to€review€your€trial€testimony?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àNo.Ð ` ° ÐÓL¢ÓÓÓÌà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€recall€exactly€when€it€was€in€terms€of€a€relationship€to€the€incident€Ð @  Ðà  àà ` àoccurring€April€14th,€how€soon€thereafter€this€photo€line„up€involving€Eddie€Lee€¼à  àà ` àMosely€would€have€been€involved?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àI€donððt€have€any€recollection.Ð P  ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àWould€it€have€been€before€Frank€Lee€Smith?Ð à0  ÐÌà  àA:à ` à(Nods€yes)Ð À ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€recall€€„„€Let€me€ask€you€„„€back€up.€€You€indicated€you€were€not€à Ð àÐ  ð Ðà  àà ` àresponsible€for€doing€any€reports€in€this€case?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àRight.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àQ:€à ` àAll€the€written€reports€would€have€been€done€by€Detective€Scheff?Ð P  ÐÌà  àA:à ` àYes,€as€his€roll€as€lead€Detective.Ð 0€ ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€recall€Mr.€Freeman€being€a€suspect€in€this€case?Ð ` ÐÌà  àA:à ` àI€recall€his€name€surfacing.à À àÐ ð@ ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àHow€many€names€do€you€recall?Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àA:à ` àThere€were€a€number.Ð °"  ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àDo€you€recall€taking€any€steps€besides€the€photo€line„up€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€to€Ð $à" Ðà  àà ` àeither€rule€him€out€as€a€suspect€or€find€evidence€against€him?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àPersonally,€myself,€no.€€Again,€Detective€Scheff€did.Ð `'°"% ÐÌà  àò òòòQ:à ` àSo€your€knowledge€of€him€is€simply€limited€to€the€fact€that€you€recall€à Ð àÐ @)$' Ðà  àà ` àDorothy€McGriff€saying,€ð ðThatððs€my€cousin?ððÌÌà  àA:à ` àThatððs€how€I€recall€showing€the€line„up.ó óÐ ,`'* Їà  àò òóóQ:à ` àAnd€how€was€the€line„up€shown,€was€it€a€six„pack€or„„Ð ° ÐÌà  àA:à ` àIt€was€a€regular€folder€with€six€photographs€in€it€in€a€manilla€folder......whereÐ à Ðà  àà ` àyou€open€up€and€see€all€six€photographs€at€the€same€time.ÌÓv£ÓÌà@nnìàTHE€VICTIMððS€MOTHER€RECALLED€SEEING€MOSELYððS€PICTUREó óˆà Ð àÐ P   Ðà  àSignificantly,€in€1991€Dorothy€McGriff€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€originalÏinvestigation€Scheff€and€Amabile€showed€her€a€ð ðgroup€of€photosðð€containing€a€picture€of€EddieÏLee€Mosely.€€Though€she€was€uncertain€about€whether€the€picture€was€contained€in€a€book€or€aÏfolder,€she€was€completely€certain€that€detectives€showed€her€a€picture€of€Mosely€in€a€group€ofÏphotos.€€She€testified€as€follows:ÌÓÓà  àQ:à ` àOkay.€€And€on€any€of€these€occasions,€did€the€police€show€you€a€picture€of€Eddie€Ð à Ðà  àà ` àLee€Mosely?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àYes.Ð `° ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àWas€it€in€a€group€or€single€photo,€do€you€remember?Ð @ ÐÌà  àA:à ` àIt€was€in€a€group.Ð  p ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àOkay.€€Do€you€„„€How€do€you€know€it€was€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€that€they€showed€Ð P Ðà  àà ` àyou?à ¸ àÐ ð@ Ðà  àÌà  àA:à ` àBecause€he€is€my€cousin.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àAnd€you€know€him€by€sight?Ð °"  ÐÌà  àA:à ` àYes.Ð $à" ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àWhen€they€showed€you€this€picture€of€your€cousin€and€wanted€to€know€whether€orÐ p&À!$ Ðà  àà ` ànot€that€was€the€man€that€you€had€seen€that€night€your€daughter€was€murdered,€¼à  àà ` àwhat€did€you€tell€the€detectives?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àI€told€them€no,€this€was€not€my€cousin.Ð 0*€%( ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àYou€know€your€cousin€and€you€know€it€wasnððt€the€man€you€saw€that€night?Ð ,`'* Їà  àA:à ` àYes.Ð ° ÐÌà  àQ:à ` àAnd€do€you€recall€which€detectives€were€there€when€you€told€them€that?Ð à ÐÌà  àA:à ` àYes.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ° àà  àQ:à ` àWho€were€they?Ð P   ÐÌà  àA:à ` àDetective€Amabile€and€I€canððt€think€of€the€other€one€by€name.Ð 0 € ÐÌà  àà ° àà  àQ:à ` àCould€it€be€Detective€Scheff?Ð `  ÐÌà  àA:à ` àYes.Ó}®ÓÐ ð@  ÐDuring€the€course€of€this€investigation€I€took€a€sworn€taped€statement€from€Dorothy€McGriff.€€IÏasked€her€whether€she€could€remember€whether€the€picture€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€that€she€sawÏwas€in€a€photo€line„up€or€a€book€of€photos.€€At€first€she€stated€that€it€was€in€a€photo€line„up.€ÏHowever,€during€the€course€of€the€interview€it€became€clear€that€she€could€not€recall€one€way€orÏthe€other.€Ìà  àNeither€the€State€nor€Smithððs€lawyers€called€Gerald€Davis€as€a€witness€at€the€1991Ïhearing.€€However,€the€original€trial€transcript€reveals€that€Davis€testified€that€there€were€onlyÏtwo€line„ups€shown€to€him€by€the€police€during€the€original€investigation.ò òÐ ð@ Ðà@ ìàANOTHER€HEARING€IS€HELD€IN€1998€REGARDING€THE€LOWE€RECANTATIONó óˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àThe€circuit€court€held€a€second€evidentiary€hearing€in€1998€concerning€the€LoweÏallegation.׃X×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Once€again,€Lowe€testified€poorly.€€When€confronted€with€her€original€trialÐ $à" Ðtestimony,€she€claimed€that€she€could€not€remember€testifying€that€there€was€ð ðno€doubtðð€in€herÐ p&À!$ Ðmind€that€the€man€that€came€to€her€house€trying€to€sell€the€television€was€the€same€man€she€sawÏon€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€With€regard€to€identifying€Smith€at€trial,€she€claimedÏthat€her€trial€testimony€was€the€product€of€pressure€by€the€investigators€and€the€prosecutor.€ÏHowever,€when€she€was€asked€exactly€how€the€prosecutor€and€investigators€pressured€her,€sheÏstated,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðDimitrouleas€(the€prosecutor),€he€say€we€captured€the€person.€€He€cannot€harmÏyou€and€he€must€be€taken€off€the€street.€€He€cannot€be€on€the€street€at€all.€€And€heÏsaid€go€in€there,€òòò òjust€tell€the€truthó óóó.....And€the€two€detectives€kept€saying€just€go€inÐ ð@  Ðthere€and€òòò òtell€the€truth.€€ó óóóAnd€because€Shandra€mother€and€Gerald€said€this€is€theÐ à0  Ðone,€just€go€in€there€and€ò òòòtell€the€truth.€€And€I€went€in€there€and€just€told€theÐ Ð  Ðtruth.ó óóóðð€Ó ¼ÓÐÀÐ Ð  ЀShe€repeatedly€said€that€the€detectives€told€her€to€ð ðò ògo€in€there€and€òòtell€the€truthóóó ó.ðð€€She€couldÐ  ð Ðnot€adequately€explain€why€she€was€so€adamant€about€identifying€Smith€at€the€original€trial.€€SheÏstated,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðI€was€under€a€lot€of€pressure,€other€people€in€the€neighborhood,€what€they€wasÏsaying.€€Um›,€I€was€very€hurt€because€I€know€how€the€mother€feel,€how€the€mamaÏhad€been€under€a€lot€of€stress€and€she€was€hurt.ðð€€Ó`¿ÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐShe€also€stated,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðIt€œhurted›€me€because€I€know€a€little€girl€got€killed,€I€know€the€family,€and€it€justÏœhurted›€me€seriously,€just€œhurted›€me.€€It€hurts€talking€about€it.ðð€€Ó•ÀÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐShe€stated€that€she€only€saw€two€line„ups€during€the€original€investigation,€one€for€Smith€and€oneÏfor€Freeman.€€The€œjudge›€who€heard€œLoweððs›€testimony€described€it€in€his€œorder›€as€ð ðutterly€lackingÏcredibility,€rife€with€inconsistencies,€and€not€credible.ððÌà@w w ìàò òSCHEFF€PRODUCES€THE€LINE„UP€IN€COURTó óˆÐ P( #& Ðà  àAt€the€1998€hearing€Scheff€testified€consistently€with€his€1991€testimony.€€In€1998,Ïhowever,€he€actually€produced€the€Mosely€photo€line„up€in€court.€€The€State€admitted€it€intoÐ ,`'* Ðevidence.€€Detective€Scheff€testified€during€this€investigation€that€the€photo€line„up€had€been€inÏhis€case€file€since€the€original€investigation.׃<×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€During€cross€examination€in€1998,€ScheffÐ à Ðadmitted€that€he€never€noted€the€existence€or€use€of€the€Mosely€line„up€in€his€handwritten€notesÏdetailing,€by€the€half„hour,€the€events€of€his€investigation.€€œAlso›€on€cross€examination,€SmithððsÏlawyer€asked€Scheff€why€the€notes€were€devoid€of€any€mention€of€Mosely.€€He€responded,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðWell,€you€are€asking€me,€number€one,€to€speculate.€€Number€two,€I€think€youððreÏincorrect€in€one€respect€in€that€there€is€a€document€which€indicates€that€Eddie€LeeÏMoselyððs€fingerprints€were€compared€to€latents€lifted€from€the€scene€of€the€crimeÏand€that€the€request€was€sent€in€on€the€18th€of€April,€1985.€€So€there€was€someÏindication€that€the€Sheriffððs€office€had€given€some€level€of€observation€towardsÏEddie€Lee€Mosely...ððÓýÅÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐSmithððs€lawyer€asked€whether€Scheffððs€notes€detailed€ð ðevery€single€thingðð€that€he€did€in€thisÏinvestigation.€€Scheff€responded,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðNo,€no.€This€was€something€I€wrote€up€just€to€give€me€an€idea€of€what€IÏconsidered€to€be€the€major€things,€things€of€significance,€and€even€that€I€probablyÏleft€out€one€or€two€things€that€I€should€have€included€in€that€at€the€time€I€thoughtÏwere€insignificant.ððÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÈÓScheff€acknowledged€that,€in€addition€to€the€three€line„ups,€Scheff€had€also€shown€DorothyÏMcGriff€a€police€photograph€book€containing€approximately€one€hundred€and€fifty€photographs.€ÏThis€event€was€also€not€mentioned€in€Scheffððs€detailed€case€notes.€€Ìà  àSmithððs€lawyer€again€confronted€Scheff€with€his€prior€inconsistent€trial€testimonyÏregarding€the€existence€of€the€Mosely€photo€line€up.€€Scheff€again€stated€that,€ð ð(T)he€answerÏ(referring€to€the€original€trial€testimony)€was€wrong.ðð€€€The€prosecutor€asked€Scheff€œto€explainÐ p&À!$ Ðwhy›€he€gave€œincorrect›€testimony€at€trial.€€Smithððs€lawyer€objected€on€the€basis€that€Scheff€wouldÏbe€speculating.€€The€prosecutor€then€asked€the€judge,€ð ðJudge,€why€donððt€we€let€Chief€ScheffÏanswer€the€question?ðð€€The€court€sustained€œSmithððs›€lawyerððs€objection;€thus,€Scheff€was€neverÏallowed€to€answer€the€question€during€œthat›€hearing.Ìà  àAlso€during€the€1998€hearing,€Scheff€testified€that:ÌÓÓà8  àð ðI€did€not€consider...the€issue€of€Mosely€to€be€one€of€any€importance€at€all.€€IÏbased€that€on€the€fact€that€there€was€no€link€between€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€and€theÏmurder€of€Sandra€Whitehead.€€Tenuous€or€not,€there€was€no€witness,€there€wasÏnothing€to€suggest€that€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€was€a€suspect€in€this€case€other€than€theÏfact€that€he€was€a€notorious€person€in€this€area.€€And€in€an€abundance€of€caution€IÏdecided€to€throw€a€lineup€together€with€Eddie€Lee€Moselyððs€picture€on€it.€€MyÏwitnesses€didnððt€pick€him€out€and€subsequently€when€I€had€an€opportunity€to€viewÏthe€composite€compiled€by€the€witnesses,€it€didnððt€look€anything€like€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€or€the€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€that€I€knew.€€And€so€I€considered€it€a€very€trivialÏmatter.€€Obviously€its€taken€on€an€added€importance€over€the€years,€but€at€thatÏpoint€in€time€it€really€didnððt€seem€to€be€relevant.ðð€€Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓRegarding€the€decision€to€do€a€photo€line„up€with€Mosely,€Scheff€further€stated:ÌÓÓà8  àð ðI€thought€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€was€an€individual€that€I€was€looking€at€as€a€suspectÏin€two€other€cases€that€I€subsequently€arrested€him€on.€€He€was€notorious€in€theÏarea€and€a€decision€was€made€simply€to€put€his€picture€in€a€photo€line„up€and€seeÏhow€the€witnesses€reacted.€€This€was€òòò òprioró ó€óóto€us€getting€the€composite.€€I€donððtÐ P Ðthink€I€would€have€even€done€that€had€we€gotten€the€composite€first€because€IÏwould€have€looked€at€the€composite€and€said€œthat€that›ððs€not€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€orÏat€least€the€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€that€I€knew.ðð€€Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓOn€cross€examination,€Scheff€was€asked,€ð ðWho€made€it€(the€Mosely€line„up)?ðð€€He€responded,€ð ðIÏdonððt€recall.ðð€€Scheff€admitted€that€in€his€pre„trial€deposition€he€was€asked€to€tell€what€he€hadÏdone€ð ðday€by€day€all€dayðð€regarding€the€investigation,€yet€he€never€mentioned€the€Mosely€œline„¼up.›ÌÓÓÓ  Óœñ™ñÌñ™ññ ™ñ›ñ ™ññ™ñÌñ™ññ ™ñ›ñ ™ññ™ñÐ ,`'* Ðñ™ñ›à@@¿¿ ìàò òTHE€VICTIMððS€MOTHER€œTESTIFIES›€AGAIN€ABOUT€SEEING€A€PICTURE€OFÐ ° ÐMOSELYÌó óÓ§ÕÓÌÓ•ÕÓà  àœIn›€1998,€Dorothy€McGriff€again€testified€that€œduring€the€original€investigation€detectives›Ïshowed€her€a€œð ðgroup›€of€œphotographsðð›€which€contained€Eddie€œLee€Moselyððs›€œpicture.›€€She€wasÏconfused€about€the€exact€nature€of€the€line„up€that€was€shown€to€œher.›€€She€admitted€that€specificÏdetails€were€difficult€to€recall€due€to€the€passage€of€time.€€However,€in€both€1991€and€1998€sheÏwas€completely€certain€that€Scheff€and€Amabile€showed€her€a€picture€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€andÏthat€she€reacted€to€it.€€Ìà  àAt€the€1998€hearing,€Smithððs€lawyers€objected€to€the€admission€of€the€Mosely€line„upÏinto€evidence.€€In€overruling€the€objection,€the€trial€court€considered€McGriffððs€recollection€ofÏthe€existence€of€a€Mosely€line„up€to€be€a€significant€fact.€€€Ìà  àœAt€the€1998€hearing,€the€prosecutor€asked€McGriff€if€she€was€covering€for€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€because€he€was€her€cousin.€McGriff€testified€that,€ð ðNo,€I€wouldnððt€protect€him€forÏnothing€in€the€world,€nothing.€€If€he€had€did€anything,€I€feel€like€he€should€pay€for€whatever€heÏshould€do,€whatever€he€did.ðð€€Scheff€also€testified€in€1998€that,€ð ð..(H)aving›€spent€time€withÏDorothy€McGriff€it€was€my€opinion€that€she€would€not€have€protected€anybody€if€she€believedÏthat€they€were€the€person€responsible€for€the€murder€œof€her›€child.ðð€€€This€opinion€was€shared€byÏmany€of€the€witnesses€interviewed€during€the€investigation€who€had€contact€with€McGriff.€€ÏDuring€this€investigation€I€took€a€œtaped,›€sworn€statement€from€Dorothy€McGriff.€€She€adamantlyÏstated€that€she€would€never€cover€for€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€if€he€had€killed€her€child.€Ìà@G G ìàò òNEITHER€AMABILE€NOR€DAVIS€TESTIFIED€IN€1998ó óˆÐ @)$' Ðà  àBecause€he€was€fighting€œcancer,›€Detective€Amabile€did€not€testify€in€1998.€€Ð  +p&) Ðà  àAs€in€1991,€neither€the€State€nor€Smithððs€lawyers€called€Gerald€Davis€as€a€witness€at€theÏ1998€hearing.Ìœñ™ñÌñ™ñ›à@¸¸ ìàò òòòFURTHER€INVESTIGATIONó óˆÐ pÀ Ðóóà@KKìàò òINVESTIGATOR€JEFF€WALSHó óˆÐ P   Ðà  àœState›€Attorney€Investigator€Richard€McIlwain€and€I€conducted€a€telephonic€interview€ofÏformer€Capital€Collateral€Representative€(CCR)€Investigator€Jeff€Walsh€who€was€in€Tallahassee.€ÏIn€1989,€Walsh€œshowed›€Chiquita€Lowe€œa€photograph›€œof›€Eddie€Lee€Mosely.€€I€asked€Walsh€whyÏCCR€focused€exclusively€on€œMosely€at€that€time.›€€Walsh€advised€that€they€focused€on€MoselyÏbecause€he€had€been€œð ða›€suspect€earlier€in€the€case€and€they€felt€he€had€not€œbeen›€œeliminated.ð𛀀HeÏfurther€advised€that,€for€reasons€that€were€not€completely€clear€to€him,€Frank€Lee€Smithððs€auntÏhad€urged€CCR€to€focus€on€Mosely€as€œthe€real€killer.€€Walsh€added€that€CCR€also€focused€onÏMosely€based€on€his€modus€operandi€for€other€crimes€and€his€similar€physical€characteristics€toÏSmith.€€Ìà  àWalsh€further€advised€that€Smith€had€repeatedly€told€his€lawyers€that€he€was€never€at€theÏMcGriff€house.€Ìà  àI€asked€Walsh€if€he€had€any€information€about€the€Mosely€line„up€being€fabricated.€€HeÏadvised€that€the€form€of€the€Mosely€line„up€looked€different€from›€the€Freeman€and€Smith€line„¼ups.€€Walsh€also€thought€it€significant€that,€to€his€knowledge,€the€Broward€Sheriffððs€Office€neverÏproduced€the€Mosely€line„up€pursuant€to€a€public€records€request€prior€to€the€1991€hearing.€ÏHowever,€Walsh€conceded€that€at€that€time€the€process€by€which€CCR€obtained€public€recordsÏwas€not€nearly€as€thorough€as€it€is€today.€€Walsh€also€advised€that€Scheffððs€partner,€DetectiveÏAmabile,€looked€nervous€and€uncomfortable€when€he€testified€in€1991€regarding€the€MoselyÐ ,`'* Ðline„up.€Ìà  àI€asked€Walsh€whether€CCR€ever€contacted€Gerald€Davis€and€asked€him€about€theÏMosely€line„up.€€After€all,€Davis€was€with€Lowe€when€they€saw€the€man€on€Shandraððs€street.ÏScheff€claimed€to€have€shown€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Davis,€as€well€as€Lowe€and€DorothyÏMcGriff.€€Walsh€advised€that€he€made€contact€with€Davis€prior€to€the€1991€evidentiary€hearing.€ÏWalsh€œstated€that€Davis€told€him€he€was€not€interested€in€cooperating.€€€Walsh€alleged€that€DavisÏtold€him,€ð ðI€donððt€care€if€he€is€innocent,€burn€him.ðð€€Ìà@¸ ¸ ìàò òOBTAINING€THE€LINE„UP€AND€TESTING€ITó óˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àEarly€in€the€investigation€I€filed€a€motion€with€the€Circuit€Court€in€Broward€County€toÏobtain€temporary€possession€of€the€questioned€photo€line„up.€€The€court€granted€the€request.€ÏPursuant€to€court€order,€Investigator€McIlwain€took€possession€of€the€Mosely€line„up€for€use€inÏthe€investigation€and€for€forensic€evaluation.€The€line„up€consisted€of€a€manilla€folder€with€sixÏbooking€photos€taped€to€it.€€Three€photographs€were€attached€to€each€side€of€the€inside€of€theÏmanilla€folder.€€They€were€in€triangulated€form€with€two€on€top€and€one€on€the€bottom.€€TheÏpictures€were€booking€photographs.€€In€each€of€the€photographs€a€black€male€held€a€boardÏbearing€the€date€on€which€the€photograph€was€taken.€€All€six€dates€appearing€in€the€photographsÏpredated€the€homicide€investigation.€€Moselyððs€photo€was€dated€May€17,€1984,€approximately€aÏfull€year€prior€to€the€original€homicide€investigation.€€There€was€ink€writing€present€on€the€backÏof€some€of€the€photographs.€Ìà  àInvestigator€McIlwain€brought€the€line„up€to€Chief€Criminalist€Dan€Nippes›€of€the€IndianÏRiver€Crime€Laboratory.€€Nippes€examined€the€line„up€folder€under€a€450€nanometerÏomnichrome€light.€€His€examination€revealed€that€it€had€been€compressed€over€a€œvery€long€periodÐ ,`'* Ðof€time.€€Because€of€the€compression,€two€of€the€photographs€left€an€impression€on€the€folder€onÏthe€opposite€side€of€the€line„up.€€Based€upon€his€examination,€Nippes€believes€that€the€line„upÏwas€likely€to€have€been€compressed€in€a€case€file€for€over€a€decade.€€He€does€not€believe€thatÏcompression€for€only€three€years€would€account€for€what€he€observed€in€his€examination.Ìà  àInvestigator€McIlwain›€conferred€with€experts€from€the€Federal€Bureau€of€InvestigationÏLaboratory,€in€Washington,€D.C.€€After€discussing€the€case€with€the€F.B.I.,€œMcIlwain›€contactedÏexperts€from€the€3„M€Corporation€of€St.€Paul,€Minnesota.€€3„M€experts€agreed€to€assist€ourÏinvestigation€by€testing€the€scotch€tape€that€attached€the€photographs€to€the€folder€œto›€try€andÏdetermine€the€date€the€tape€was€made,€and€consequently€when€the€line„up€was€created.€€œ3„M›Ïexperts€œexamined€the€line„up€and€determined›€that€the€tape€was€3„M€ð ðHighlandðð€tape,€anÏinexpensive€scotch€tape.€€In€the€mid€1990's€extremely€minor€changes€were€made€to€ð ðHighlandððÏ3„M€tape,€including€that€œ3„M›€made€the€backing€of€the€tape€infinitesimally€thinner.€€AfterÏœthoroughly€examining›€the€tape,€3„M€experts€could€not€conclude€with€any€degree€of€reasonableÏcertainty€œwhen€the€tape€was€manufactured.€€Per€my€instructions,€3„M€did€not€use€all€of€the€tapeÏcontained€on€the€line„up€during€testing.€à À àÐ ð@ Ðà  àInvestigator€McIlwain€contacted€the€Smead€company.€€Smead€produced€the€manillaÏfolder€on€which€the€photographs€were€placed.€€McIlwain€advised€Smead€of€the€batch€numbersÏwhich€were€present€on€the€folder.€€Officials€at€Smead€advised€that€the€folder€was€producedÏbetween€the€dates€of€1978€and€1991.€€Ìà  àInvestigator€McIlwain€examined€several€other€manilla€folders€used€during€the€originalÏhomicide€investigation€which€were€contained€in€the€Frank€Lee€Smith€file€at€the€BrowardÏSheriffððs€Office.€€They€possessed€the€identical€batch€number€as€the€one€appearing€on€the€EddieÐ ,`'* ÐLee€Mosely€line„up€folder.€€Ìà  àInvestigator€McIlwain€sent€the€line„up€for€further€testing€to€the€United€States€SecretÏService€in€Washington,€D.C.€€The€Secret€Service€tested€three€types€of€ink€found€on€the€back€ofÏthe€line„up€photographs€in€an€effort€to€determine€when€the€ink€was€manufactured.€€The€SecretÏService€determined€that€two€of€the€three€types€of€ink€were€consistent€with€being€manufacturedÏprior€to€1989.€€€The€other€type€of€ink€was€manufactured€in€1982.€€€The€Secret€Service€could€notÏdraw€any€further€conclusions€regarding€the€ink.Ìà  àInvestigator€McIlwain€sent€the€line„up€for€further€testing€to€the€Eastman€Kodak€Company€Ïin€Rochester,€New€York.€€Four€of€the€photographs€in€the€Mosely€photo€line„up€were€printed€onÏKodak€photographic€paper.€€Officials€at€Kodak€determined€that€the€paper€was€manufacturedÏbetween€the€dates€of€May€1,€1972,€and€August€27,€1985.€Ìà  àForensic€evaluation€of€the€line„up€did€not€yield€results€inconsistent€with€the€line„upððsÏexistence€and€use€during€the€Shandra›€Whitehead€murder€investigation.€€As€provided€by€the€courtÏorder€granting€temporary€custody€of€the€line„up,€Investigator€McIlwain€will€return€the€line„up€toÏthe€custody€of€the€clerk.€€Ìà@¢¢ìàò òINTERVIEW€WITH€THE€POST€CONVICTION€PROSECUTORSó óˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àI€took€a€œtaped,›€sworn€statement€from€prosecutor€Paul€Zacks.€€Zacks€represented€the€StateÏin€the€1991€evidentiary€hearing.€€He€advised€that€Smithððs€attorneys€were€already€focused€onÏMosely€as€œthe›€real€killer€prior€to€the€time€they€obtained€and€filed€Chiquita€Loweððs€recantationÏaffidavit.€€In€this€œregard,›€Zacksðð€testimony€corroborated€the€representations€of€Investigator€JeffÏWalsh.€€Zacks€acknowledged€that€œbecause€he€elicited€testimony€regarding€the€Mosely€line„up€inÏ1991,€he›€œwould€have€had€conversations€with€Scheff€regarding€the€Mosely€line„up€in€preparationÐ ,`'* Ðfor€the€1991€hearing.€€However,€he€could€not€recall€what€was€said.€€Zacks€did€recall€meeting€withÏDorothy€McGriff€and€discussing€whether€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€could€have€been€the€killer.€€DorothyÏMcGriff€advised€him€that€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€was€not€the€man€she›€saw€at€her€house.€€ZacksÏremembered€thinking€to€himself,€œð ð(T)his›€witness€knows€him,€says€it€wasnððt€him,€œ€.€.€.€Iððm›€inÏpretty€good€shape€for€the€hearing.ððÌà  àI€also€took€sworn€statements€from€prosecutors€Carolyn€McCann€and€Joel€Silvershein.€ÏThey€represented€the€State€at€the€1998€hearing.œ×ƒ5×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Silvershein€recalled€that€prior€to€the€1998Ð ð@  Ðhearing€he€asked€Scheff€to€bring€ð ðwhatever€he€hadðð€to€the€hearing.€€Both€attorneys€stated€thatÏwhen€they€saw€the€line„up€in€1998€it€appeared€frayed€and€worn,€consistent€with€how€one€wouldÏexpect€an€old€line„up€to€appear.€€Ìò òà  àó óSilvershein€advised€that€part€of€Moselyððs€modus€operandi€regarding€sexual€violenceÐ pÀ Ðtowards€prostitutes€was€that€he€would€approach€them€and€ask,€ð ðHey,€you€want€to€party.ðð€€€HeÏwould€then€œsexually›€attack€and€kill€the€victim.Ìà  àBoth€Silvershein€and€McCann€noted€that€during€the€1998€hearing€Smith€came€to€courtÏwithout€glasses€and€functioned€normally.€€This€was€a€œsignificant€fact.›×ƒ3i×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú15Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€From€the€beginning€ofÐ ð@ Ðthe€case€Smith€claimed€that€his€horrible€eyesight€required€him€to€constantly€wear€glasses.€€TheÏman€whom€Dorothy€McGriff€saw€at€the€window€of€her€home€was€not€wearing€glasses.€€BothÏprosecutors€also€œadvised€that€during€the€1998€hearing€Dorothy€McGriff€attacked€Frank€LeeÐ $à" ÐSmith€with€her€shoe€out€of€anger€for€murdering€her€daughter.׃7×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú16Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€Prosecutor€McCann€advised€thatÐ ° Ðshe€recently€confronted€Dorothy€McGriff€with€the€news€about€the€DNA€matching€Mosely,€notÏSmith.€€McGriff€was€shocked.€€McGriff€stated,€ð ðHow€could€that€be?ðð€€€Ìà@á á ìàò òINTERVIEW€OF€DOROTHY€MCGRIFFó óˆÐ P   Ðà  àSubsequent€to€speaking€with€McCann€and€Silvershein,€I€took€a€taped,€sworn€statementÏfrom€Dorothy€McGriff.€€Even€in€the€face€of€the€DNA€evidence€she€was€adamant€that€the€man€sheÏsaw€at€her€house€was€Frank€Lee€Smith,€not€Eddie€Lee€Mosely.€€I€confronted€her€with€the€fact€thatÏshe€identified€the€man€based€upon€his€shoulders.€€She€staunchly€held€to€her€belief€that€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€was€not€the€man€at€her€house.ò òÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓINTERVIEW€WITH€GERALD€DAVISÌÓ|Óà  àó óOn€my€request,€Investigator€McIlwain€undertook€a€search€for€witness€Gerald€Davis.€Ð pÀ ÐMcIlwain€located€Gerald€Davis€in€Broward€County€at€his€place€of€work.€€During€his€efforts€toÏlocate€Davis,€McIlwain€learned€that€Davis€had€a€nickname€of€ð ðGigi.ðð€€Davis€was€on€felonyÏprobation€for€Grand€Theft.€€He€told€us€that€his€neighbors€had€warned€him€that€we€were€lookingÏfor€him.€€He€further€advised€that€he€had€recently€read€about€all€the€new€allegations€surroundingÏthe€case€in€the€newspaper.€€We€took€a€sworn,€taped€statement.€€Davis€stated€that€during€the€initialÏinvestigation€no€one€pressured€him€to€make€an€identification€of€Smith€or€anyone€else.€€WeÏshowed€Davis€the€Mosely€line„up€and€asked€him€if€the€police€had€ever€shown€it€to€him.€€He€didÏnot€recognize€the€line„up.׃:i×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú17Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€However,€he€admitted€that€he€had€problems€with€his€memory.€€WeÐ p&À!$ Ðasked€Davis€if€the€man€he€saw€on€the€street€was€pictured€in€the€line„up.€€Davis€did€not€identifyÏMosely€from€the€line„up.€€To€the€contrary,€even€after€we€focused€his€attention€on€the€picture€ofÏMosely€he€continued€to€exclude€Mosely€as€the€man€he€saw€on€the€street.Ìà  àI€asked€Davis€whether€an€investigator€had€ever€contacted€him€after€the€trial.€ÏContradicting€Investigator€Jeff€Walshððs€representation,€Davis€insisted€that€he€had€never€talked€toÏanyone€after€the€initial€investigation.€€Also,€much€to€my€amazement,€Davis€insisted€that€he€neverÏtestified€in€court€at€the€murder€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€gave€pre„trial€depositions,€but€neverÏtestified€in€court.€€Davis€did€in€fact€testify€at€trial.€€Ìà@Q Q ìàò òINTERVIEW€WITH€THE€TRIAL€PROSECUTORó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àI€took€a€taped,€sworn€statement€from€Federal€Judge€William€Dimitrouleas,€who€was€theÏoriginal€trial€prosecutor€of€Frank€Lee€Smith.€€Dimitrouleas€did€not€remember€Scheff€mentioningÏthe€Mosely€line„up€to€him€prior€to€the€original€trial.€€He€stated€that€it€was€possible€that€ScheffÏmentioned€it,€but€he€did€not€think€that€Scheff€did€so.Ìà@[ [ ìàò òINTERVIEW€OF€RICHARD€SCHEFFó óˆÐ ` Ðà  àI€took€a€sworn€statement€from€Richard€Scheff€at€the€office€of€his€attorney€in€FortÏLauderdale.€€I€showed€Scheff€the€Mosely€line„up€that€we€retrieved€from€evidence.€€I€asked€him€ifÏit€was€the€line„up€that€he€prepared€in€1985.€€He€responded,€ð ðI€assume€so,€I€guess€so.ðð€€Ìà  àI€asked€whether€he€recalled€showing€the€Mosely€line„up€to€the€witnesses.€€Scheff€referredÏto€his€specific€recollection€of€Dorothy€McGriffððs€reaction.€€Ìà  àRegarding€the€line„up€Scheff€stated,€ð ðThere€were€two€things€I€remember€vividly,€becauseÏthey€created€an€emotional€reaction€in€me.ðð€€The€first€was€Dorothy€McGriff€pointing€to€Mosely€inÏthe€line„up.€€At€that€instant€Scheff€thought€that€she€was€about€to€identify€him€as€the€murderer.€Ð ,`'* ÐScheffððs€ð ðblood€pressure€rose.ðð€€But€then€she€said,€ð ðThis€is€Eddie€Lee,€heððs€my€cousin,€itððs€notÏhim.ðð€€à  àThe€second€was€when€Scheff€learned€of€Loweððs€recantation€in€the€late€1980's.€€HeÐ à Ðremembered€her€as€a€very€strong€witness€that€led€police€to€Smith€in€the€first€place.€€€Scheff€wasÏconcerned€that€someone€had€ð ðtampered€with€herðð€as€a€witness.€Ìà  àScheff€did€not€recant€his€testimony€that€he€showed€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis.€ÏHowever,€he€admitted€that€he€had€no€specific€recollection€regarding€the€details€surroundingÏshowing€them€the€line„up.€€His€memory€of€showing€the€line„up€to€all€the€witnesses€was€in€partÏbased€upon€his€expectations€of€how€he€would€have€conducted€the€investigation.€€He€stated€that€itÏwas€his€routine€to€show€all€the€witnesses€the€line„up,€not€just€one€witness.€€He€stated:€ÌÓÓà8  àà ` àð ðI...I...I›€cannot€honestly€at€this€point,€itððs€...itððs€almost€sixteen€years,€tellÏyou€œth›...what...no,€I€canððt,€I€canððt....Okay,€Iððm€sorry,€Iððm€just.......I€cannot€honestlyÏsay€that€I€have€some€distinct€personal€clear€memory€that€I€showed€this€line„up€toÏChiquita€Lowe€or€Gerald€Davis,€but€what€I€can€say€is€this...Number€one,€if€weÏtook€a€line„up€out€to€our€witnesses€we€showed€everybody€the€line„up...€NumberÏtwo,€I€remember€feeling€and€my€emotional€reaction€back€in€ðð87€or€ðð88,€wheneverÏit€was€when€Iððm€told€that€Chiquita€Lowe€has€identified€Eddie€Lee€Mosely,€thatÏreally€got€me€upset....and€concerned....I€kind€of€flipped€out€about€that€and€saidÏððHey€look€she€canððt,€I€mean€I€showed€her€a€picture€of€Mosely,€what€is€she€talkingÏabout?ðð€€And€so€I€mean,€thatððs€how€I€know€I€showed€her€the€picture€of€Mosely.ðð€€Ó²ÓÐ Ð Ð  МAt›€a€later€point€in€the€interview€œScheff€stated,ÌÓÓà8  àà ` àð ðOh€let€me€tell€you,€that€line„up€existed,€it€was€shown,€I€donððt€have€aÏquestion€about€that.€€I€may€not€have€a€recollection€that€I€showed€it€to€...€to€...€to€...Ïto..Gerald€Davis€or€Chiquita€Lowe....€But€Iððll€guarantee€you€dollars€to€doughnutsÏthey...they...they€saw€it.€€It€was€probably,€it€was€like€the€first€thing€we€ended€upÏdoing....we€ran€out€and€took€a€shot€on€him.ððÓ˜ÓÐ Ð Ð  Ðà  àScheffððs€belief€that€he€showed€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis€seemed€to€be€based€in€partÏupon€a€derivative€memory€of€showing€the€line„up€to€Dorothy€McGriff€and€in€part€upon€anÏexpectation€of€how€he€ð ðwould€haveðð€conducted€the€investigation.€€I€asked€Scheff€whether€he€mayÐ  +p&) Ðhave€completely€dismissed€Mosely€as€a€suspect€after€Dorothy€McGriff€excluded€him€and,Ïtherefore,€never€showed€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis.€€I€asked:ÌÓÓà8  àQ:à ` àð ðIs€it€possible€that€because€she€(the€mother)€looks€at€Mosely€and€saysÐ pÀ Ðthatððs€my€cousin,€itððs€not€him,€and€that€the€line„upððs€purpose€is€for€Mosely,€not€theÏother€people€in€there€that€you€didnððt€take€it€to€Lowe€and€Davis?€€You€may€thinkÏyou€did,€you€know€five€years€later,€but€you€actually€didnððt€because€sheððs€ruled€outÏthe€suspect?ððÓ>ÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐÓÓà  àA:à ` àòòI€canððt€dismiss€the€possibilityóó,€but€it€certainly€wouldnððt€have€been..um›...good€Ð `  Ðà8  àœprocedure›€or€practice€on€our€part.€€I€wasnððt€sure€at€that€point..(if€the€mother€andÏLowe€and€Davis€had€seen€the€same€person)..€So,€if€mom€sayððs€itððs€not€him,€thatððsÏall€well€and€good€but€now€I€need€to€find€out€if€the€kids€(Lowe€and€Davis€sawÏMosely).....I€was€trying€to€make€a€determination€on€whether€or€not€there€were€twoÏpeople..two€men€I€was€looking€for....ððÓÓÐ Ð Ð  ÐI€œasked€Scheff€to€explain€his€trial€testimony€wherein€he€stated€that€there€were€only€two€line„upsÏused€in€the€case,€one€for€Smith€and€one€for€Freeman.€€He€stated:ÌÓÓà8  àð ðI€was€unaware,€until€sometime€before€1991€when€Paul€Zacks€(prosecutor)Ïbrought€it€to€my€attention,€that€I€had€ever€been€asked€a€question€about€a€line„up€ofÏMosely€to...to€anybody.€€Now€one€thing€that...that..thatððs€clear€is,€I€donððt€thinkÏthereððs....thereððs€any€controversy€about€whether€or€not€I€showed€the€line„up€ofÏEddie€Mosely€to€Dorothy€McGriff.€€So€clearly€my€testimony€in€ðð86€is€wrongÏbecause€the€question€wasnððt€specific€to€Chiquita€Lowe,€it€was€a€generalizedÏquestion.€€I€honestly€believe€that€I€just€lost€my€focus€and€lost€my€attention...myÏattention€and...and€just€didnððt€realize€who€all€of€the€names€or€of€all€the€people,€IÏmean€as€I€recall€there€was€a...there€was...there€was€the...the...dialogue€back€andÏforth€between€Billy€Dimitrouleas€and€the€judge€and€there€was€just€a€wholeÏbunch...(referring€to€the€objection).ððÓ"ÓÐ Ð Ð  Ðà  àLater€in€the€interview,€I€confronted€Scheff€with€the€fact€that€not€only€Lowe€said€she€wasÏnever€shown€the€Mosely€line„up,€but€that€recently€Gerald€Davis€had€done€the€same.€€I€askedÏScheff:€ÌÓÓà  àQ:€à ` àWhat€do€you€think€about€that?€€Ð @)$' ÐÌà  àA:€à ` àI€think€he€(Davis)€is€wrong.€€Ð  +p&) ÐÐ ,`'* Ðà  àQ:€à ` àOkay.€€Explain.€€I€mean€I€know€youððve€talked€about€it€before,€but€explain.Ð ° ÐÌà  àA:à ` àI....I....I....look....um›...Ð à ÐÌà  àQ(McIlwain):à ¸ àÐ pÀ Ðà  àà ` àAgain€today€weððre€asking€you€do€you€specifically€recall?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àNo,€no.€€Look€I...I...I...I....I€canððt€recall.€€Youððre€asking€me€about€events€that€Ð @  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àoccurred€sixteen€years€ago€which€didnððt€result€in€an€identification.€ÏLine„up€displays€that...that€donððt€result€in€an€identification€arenððtÏparticularly€rememberable.€€€I€mean€who€the€hell€can€rememberÏthis€stuff?€€I€would€honestly€say€that....that€Gerald€Davis€is€wrong,Ïthe€he€did€not...uh...uh...the€he€did€see€this€photo€line„up...€à È àÓx&ÓÐð@ ` x` x Ðà  àI€also€asked€Scheff€if€the€Mosely€line„up€was€different€in€appearance€œfrom›€the€FreemanÏand€Smith€line„ups.€€He€stated€that€it€was€different€because€the€photos€in€the€Mosely€line„up€wereÏfrom€a€different€source,€the€City€of€Fort€Lauderdale€Police€Department.€€According€to€Scheff,€atÏthe€time€of€the€investigation€he€was€in€possession€of€a€color€picture€of€Mosely€obtained€from€theÏCity€Police.€€The€Broward€Sheriffððs€Office€did€not€produce€color€booking€photographs€at€thatÏtime.€€Thus,€he€needed€five€more€from€the€œCity€in€order€to€create€a€proper€line„up.›€Ìà  àScheff€emphasized€that€he€had€seen€Mosely€in€February€of€1985,€two€months€prior€toÏShandraððs€murder.€€Moselyððs€hair€was€closely€cropped.€€Therefore,€according€to€Scheff,€at€theÏtime€of€Shandraððs€murder€Mosely€would€not€have€resembled€the€1981€photograph€that€WalshÏshowed€to€Lowe.Ìà@I I ìàò òINTERVIEW€OF€PHILLIP€AMABILEó óˆÐ $à" Ѐà  àI€took€a€œtaped,›€sworn€statement€from€Detective€Amabile€at€the€office€of€his€attorney€inÐ p&À!$ ÐFort€Lauderdale.€€Unfortunately,€Amabileððs€interview€had€to€be€canceled€and€rescheduled€severalÏtimes€because€he€recently€had€a€relapse€of€cancer€necessitating€immediate€surgery.€€AmabileÏagreed€to€be€interviewed€without€hesitation.€€It€was€not€necessary€to€compel€him€to€testify.€Ð ,`'* ÐHowever,€in€order€to€allow€Amabile€to€speak€freely€without€fear€of€personal€repercussion€IÏdecided€to€subpoena€him.€€Pursuant€to€Florida€Statute€914.04€this€gave€Amabile€use„immunityÏfor€his€testimony.€€If€he€and€Scheff€conspired€to€lie,€then€Amabile€could€tell€the€truth€about€theirÏconduct€without€fear€of€his€admissions€being€used€against€him€in€a€criminal€proceeding.€ÏAmabile€did€not€learn€that€I€was€conferring€use€immunity€upon€him€until€after€he€was€sworn€as€aÏwitness.€€Ìà  àI€showed€Amabile€the€Mosely€line„up€that€we€retrieved€from€evidence€and€asked€himÏwhether€it€was€the€one€that€was€used€in€the€Smith€case.€€He€could€not€identify€it€by€simplyÏlooking€at€it.Ìà  àAmabile€stated€that€the€Mosely€line„up€existed€during€the€original€investigation.€€€HeÏspecifically€recalled€that€he€and€Scheff€showed€it€to€Dorothy€McGriff.€€He€also€believed€that€theyÏshowed€it€to€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis.€€He€admitted,€however,€that€his€memory€ofÏshowing€it€to€Lowe€and€Davis€was€derivative€of€his€memory€of€showing€it€to€Dorothy€McGriff.€€ÌI€asked€him€why€he€felt€comfortable€testifying€that€it€was€shown€to€Lowe€and€Davis€consideringÏthe€derivative€nature€of€his€memory.€€He€stated€that€he€and€Scheff€had€a€œð ðslight›€œconcernðð›€thatÏDorothy€McGriff€may€have€been€ð ðcoveringðð€for€Mosely€when€she€excluded€him€as€a€suspect.€€AtÏthe€same€time€that€she€excluded€Mosely,€she€had€advised€them€that€Mosely€was€her€cousin.€ÏTherefore,€it€would€have€been€prudent€for€them€to€show€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis€as€well.€€ÏœIn€this€regard€he€stated,€ð ðYou€know€because€she€is...€Sheððs€identifying€him€as€kin.€€Is€sheÏprotecting€him?€...€So,€thatððs€another€reason€why€I€am....Iððm€certain€that€we€showed€the€line„upsÏto€the€others€just€because€she€says€it€you€know...and€we€donððt€doubt€her€but,€you€know...weððreÏalso€investigating€a€murder.ðð€€Specifically,€I€asked€him:Ð ,`'* ÐÓÓà  àQ:à ` à€Would€you€agree€that€your€memory€of€showing€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Davis€and€Ð ° Ðà  àLowe€was€derivative€or€dependant€upon€your€memory€of€showing€that€line„up€to€DorothyÏà  àMcGriff?ðð€€ÌÌà  àA:à ` àYes,€I€do.€€Uh...in€all€honesty,€Iððd€have€to€say€yes....and€for€the€reasons€I€stated.ÓÇ7ÓÐ pÀ ÐLater€in€his€statement€he€added,€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðThe€photos€were€there,€it€wasnððt€something€that€we€had€to€recreate.€€We€had€the€à @r à¼photograph...uh...as,€it€was€no€heavy€lifting€to€show€the€photographs€again.€ÏWeððre€looking€for€a€suspect.€€For€us€not€to€do€it,€I...I...Iððm›€trying€to€answer€thatÏòòquestion€based€upon€our€work€ethic€as€well.€€It€just€would€not€make€sense€for€usÐ P  Ðnot€to€do€that.ðð€óóÐð@ Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ‘9Óà  àI€asked€Amabile€exactly€where€and€when€they€showed€the€line„up€to€Lowe€and€Davis.€€HeÏcould€not€give€specifics.€€He€did€say€that€he€felt€they€would€have€shown€the€line„up€to€Lowe€andÏDavis€on€the€street€because€that€is€where€they€had€most€of€their€contact€with€Davis.€€Ìà  àI€asked€Amabile€about€learning€about€Loweððs€recantation€in€the€late€1980's.€€He€statedÏthat€he€remembered€having€a€conversation€with€Scheff.€€Scheff€said€that€Lowe€had€picked€outÏMosely.€€Amabile€stated€that€his€first€reaction€was,€ð ðB.S.€€We€showed€pictures€of€Eddie€LeeÏMosely.€€You€know...€they€didnððt€pick€him€out.ððÌà  àI€directly€confronted€Amabile€with€the€allegation€that€he€and€Scheff€conspired€to€œlie€aboutÏshowing€the€line„up€to€Lowe€in€order€to€discount€her€recantation.€€He€unequivocally€denied€theÏaccusation.€€During€the€interview€Amabile›€œstated›€that€he€and€Scheff€have€a€very€closeÏrelationship,€ð ðon€and€off€the€job.ðð€€œI›€asked€him€if€he€could€assure€me€that€he€was€telling€me€theÏtruth.€€He€responded:€ÌÓÓà8  àð ðYes,€and€the€reason€I€could€tell€you€that€is€that€we€œ(he€and€Scheff)€are›€bothÏmature€people.€€We€both€have€families.€€We€both€have€careers.€€We€both€have€ourÏjobs€and€our€positions€because€of€our€integrity....uh...I€am€one€of€twelve€Chiefs€inÏthe€Sheriffððs€Office.€€I€did€not€get€here€by€lying,€cheating€or€swindling.€€I€thinkÏthose€will€get€you€someplace,€but€they€wonððt€get€you€all...all€the€way.ðð€œñ ™ñÐ,`'*Ð Ð  Лñ ™ñÓ…?ÓÐ,`'*Ð Ð  Лà@† † ìàò òINTERVIEW€OF€CHIQUITA€LOWEó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àI€took€a€œtaped,›€sworn€statement€from€Chiquita€Lowe€at€the€office€of€her€lawyer€in€FortÏLauderdale.€€Lowe€stated€that€the€man€she€saw€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder€was€EddieÏLee€Mosely.€€However,€the€man€œat›€her€house€trying€to€sell€the€television€set€œfour›€days€later€wasÏFrank€Lee€Smith.€€I€asked€Lowe€how€many€line„ups€she€saw€during€the€investigation.€€She€saidÏthat€she€saw€only€one€line„up€which€contained€both€Frank€Lee€Smith€and€James€Freeman.׃N×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú18Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€SheÐ `  Ðadded€that€there€was€a€book€of€photos€used€during€the€investigation.€€Ìà  àLowe€alleged€that€Dimitrouleas,€Scheff€and€Amabile€pressured€her€to€testify.€€€At€first€sheÏclaimed€that€Scheff€and€Amabile€told€her,€ð ðYou€need€to€just€say€this€is€the€man€who€did€it.ðð€€ÌœLater,€she€alleged€that€when€Scheff€and€Amabile€showed€her€the€Smith€line„up€she€pointed€outÏSmith€and€said,€ð ðThat€kind€of,€sort€of,€looks€like€the€guy.ðð€€I›€confronted€her€with€her€many€swornÏstatements€wherein€she€identified€Smith€without€reservation€and€never€mentioned€pressure€by€theÏpolice.€€I€pointed€out€to€her€that€she€gave€a€pretrial€deposition€with€only€the€defense€attorneyÏpresent.€€I€asked€her€why€she€did€not€say€something€at€that€point€about€pressure€by€the€police.€ÏShe€œpersistently€attempted€to€evade€my€questions.€€She€could›€not€give€an€adequate€explanation.€€œÌà  àHer€allegations€of€being€pressured€by€the€police€were€vague€and€inconsistent.€€At€oneÏpoint€I€asked€her,€ð ðWhat€did€they€do€to€pressure€you,€did€they€point€their€guns,€did€they€threatenÏyou?ðð€€Her€response€was€very€strange.€€She€diverted€the€question€and€started€to€blame€her€priorÏtestimony€on€Gerald€Davis.€€She€insisted€that€she€and€Davis€had€ð ðelaboratedðð€(she€meantÏcollaborated)€on€their€testimony.€€I€asked€her€what€she€meant€by€that.€€She€expressed€to€me€thatÐ P( #& ÐDavis€was€gay€and€liked€the€attention€of€the€male›€detectives.€€œShe›€never€explained€how€thisÏaffected€her€testimony.€€In€contrast€to€her€accusation€about€Davis,€the€record€clearly€reflects€thatÏDavis€œhad€some€reservations€about€his€identification€of€Smith.€€He€insisted€upon€a€live€line„up.€ÏEven€after€the€live€line„up€identification,€he€expressed€reservation€about€Smithððs€height.€€He€was›Ïœreluctant›€to€testify€at€the€original€trial.€€In€fact,€the€State€had€asked€the€court€to€call€Davis€as€aÏœð ðcourt›€œwitnessðð›€because€of€his€reluctance€to€œcooperate.›Ìà  àI€continued€to€œask€Lowe›€œwhat›€specifically€œScheff›€œdid›€to€get€her€to€lie.€€She€œstated›€thatÏœafter€she€identified€Smith€in€the€line„up,€Scheff€told€her,€ð ðYou€have€been€a€good€girl,€Iððll€takeÏyou€out€to€dinner.ðð€€I€asked€her€if€this€led€to€sex€and€she€stated,€ð ðNo,€my€grandma€would€not€letÏthat€happen.ðð›Ìà  àLowe€œalso€claimed›€œthat›€she€knew€that€Dorothy€McGriff,€the€victimððs€mother,€œcovered›€forÏEddie€Lee€Mosely€because€ð ðthe€whole€family€had€problems.ðð€€Ìà  àœLate›€in€the€interview€Lowe€stated€that€at€the€time€of€Shandraððs€death€Lowe€felt€extremelyÏsympathetic€to€Shandraððs€family€because€Lowe€herself€had€been€raped.€€She€added€that€she€wasÏoverwhelmed€with€guilt€about€identifying€the€wrong€person.€Ìà@Ð Ð ìàòòò òLAW€AND€EVIDENCE€ANALYSISó óóóˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àTo€reiterate,€the€allegation€of€perjury€is€that€Detective€Scheff€lied€in€post€convictionÏlitigation€œhearings€when€he€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€original€investigation€he€created€aÏMosely€line„up€and€showed€it€to€Chiquita€Lowe.€€Scheff€has€consistently€admitted€that€his€postÏconviction€testimony€contradicts€his€trial€testimony.€€In€the€original€trial€he€testified€that€photoÏline„ups€were€only€done€for€Smith€and€Freeman.€€Scheff€maintains€that€his€original€testimonyÏwas€simply€mistaken€and€that€his€later€testimony€was€correct.€Ð ,`'* ÐÓÓà@ìì*ìàò òñ™ñˆÌñ™ññ™ñÓ  Óñ™ñTHE€LEGAL€ELEMENTS€OF€PERJURYó óÐ  ð ÐÓaQÓñ™ñÓ™QÓñ™ñÓÓÓ  ÓÌÓRÓÓ!RÓà  àFlorida€statute€ðð€837.021€(2)€states€that,€ð ðWhoever,€in€one€or€more€official€proceedingsÏthat€relate€to€the€prosecution€of€a€capital€felony,€ò òòòwillfullyóó€ó ómakes€two€or€more€material€statementsÐ ` ° Ðunder€oath€which€contradict€each€other,€commits€a€felony€of€the€second€degree.ðð€€In€order€toÏprove€perjury€by€contradictory€statements€it€is€not€enough€that€a€witness€give€contradictoryÏstatements€on€two€different€occasions€under€oath.€€The€Florida€Supreme€Court€has€rightlyÏconstrued€the€term€ð ðwilfullyðð€in€this€statute€to€mean€that€the€incorrect€statement€was€òòò òknowinglyÐ à0  Ðfalse€óóó ówhen€made.€€A€statement€made€through€error,€mistake€or€inadvertence€is€not€one€madeÐ À Ðð ðwillfullyðð€within€the€purview€of€the€statute.€€òòBrown€v.€Stateóó,€334€So.2d›€597€(Fla.€1976).€Ð  ð ÐÓÓÓ  Óò òòò1.€€à@@bb ìàDID€SCHEFF€AND€AMABILE€GIVE€ð ðFALSEðð€TESTIMONY€IN€POSTÐ €Ð ÐCONVICTION€PROCEEDINGS?ó óÐ pÀ ÐÓËUÓÓÝUÓóóÌà  àThe€first€question€that€needs€to€be€answered€in€order€to€determine€whether€the€elementsÏof€perjury€are€satisfied€is€whether€the€Scheff/Amabile€testimony€in€1991€and€1998€was€in€factÏfalse.€€This€is€a€twofold€question:€1„Did€the€line„up€exist€in€œ1985?›€œand€2„€Did€Scheff€andÏAmabile€show›€it€to€Chiquita€Lowe?Ìà@zz ìàò òDID€THE€MOSELY€LINE„UP€EXIST€IN€1985?€IS€IT€A€FABRICATION?ó óˆÐ À! Ðà  àThere€is€evidence€œtending›€to€show€that€œthe€line„up€existed.€€The€most€significant€evidenceÏis€the€testimony€of€Dorothy€McGriff.€€Dorothy€McGriff€has€a€clear€and€distinct€memory€ofÏScheff€and€Amabile€showing€her€ð ða€group€of€photosðð€containing€Eddie€Lee€Moselyððs€picture.€ÏShe€is€unsure€whether€Moselyððs€picture€was€in€a€line„up€or€a€book€of€photos.€€Her€recollection€ofÏdetail€regarding€her€reaction€to€Moselyððs€picture€is€identical€to€Scheffððs€and€Amabileððs.€€DorothyÐ  +p&) ÐMcGriffððs€recollection€of€seeing€a€picture€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€during€the€original€investigationÏgoes€a€long€way€to€establishing€that€a€Mosely€line„up€existed€as€Scheff€and€Amabile€claim.€€Ìà  àAdditionally,€there€is€evidence€that€Detective€Scheff€considered€Mosely€as€a€suspect€veryÏearly€into€the€investigation.€€At€trial,€Smithððs€lawyer€knew€that€Mosely€was€a€suspect€in€the€case.€ÏBoth€Scheff€and€Amabile€acknowledged€in€their€original€trial€testimony€that€Eddie€Lee€MoselyÏwas€a€suspect€early€on€in€the€investigation.€€A€police€request€for€fingerprint€examination€listsÏEddie€Lee€Mosely€as€a€suspect.€€The€request€is€dated€April€16,€1985,€two€days€after€the€murder.€ÏThe€composite€of€the€suspect€was€created€on€April€17,€1985.€€Ìà  à›The€date€of€the€fingerprint€request€form€substantially€corroborates€œScheff›ððs€claim€that€heÏcreated€a€line„up€for€œMosely›€for€another€reason.€€œScheff›€has€repeatedly€testified€that€once€he€sawÏthe€composite€he€completely€discounted€Mosely€as€a€suspect.€€Scheff€believed€that€Mosely€didÏnot€look€at€all€like€the€composite.€€Indeed,€the€1984€picture€of€Mosely€in€the€questioned€line„upÏ(unlike€the€1981€photo€that€Walsh€showed€Lowe)€does€not€look€like€the€composite.€€Thus,Ïbecause€the€fingerprint€request€form€predates€the€composite€sketch,€there€was€still€reason€forÏScheff€to€ð ðthrow€togetherðð€a€line„up€for€Mosely.€€To€be€sure,€the€date€of€the€fingerprint€requestÏform€establishes€that€Mosely€was€considered€as€a€suspect€òòbeforeóó€the€creation€of€the€compositeÐ Ð  Ðsketch.œÌà  àForensic€analysis€of€the€line„up,€detailed€above,€does€not€contradict€the€authenticity€of€theÏline„up.Ìà  àOn€the€other€hand,€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis€both€state€that€they€were€neverÏshown€such€a€line„up.€€Scheff,€Amabile€and€Gerald€Davis€all€testified€during€the€original€trial€thatÏonly€two€line„ups€were€used€in€the€case,€one€for€Smith€and€one€for€Freeman.€€There€wasÐ ,`'* Ðabsolutely€no€mention€of€a€Mosely€line„up€in€Scheffððs€notes€or€reports.€€Additionally,€neitherÏScheff€nor€Amabile€mentioned€a€Mosely€line„up€in€their€pretrial€depositions.€€It€does€seem€thatÏthey€should€have€mentioned€a€Mosely€line„up€in€response€to€some€of€Smithððs€lawyerððs€questions.€ÏFor€instance,€Smithððs€lawyer€asked€Scheff€about€everything€that€was€done€in€the€case.€€SmithððsÏlawyer€asked€both€Scheff€and€Amabile€about€ð ðrelative(s)€of€the€deceased,€uncles,€cousinsðð€whoÏwere€considered€as€suspects.€€Yet,€neither€mentioned€Mosely.€€At€the€time€of€deposition,€bothÏdetectives€admit€that€they€knew€that€Mosely,€in€addition€to€Edwin€McGriff,€was€a€cousin€ofÏDorothy€McGriff.€€€However,€it€must€be€remembered€that€both€detectives€acknowledged€in€theirÏoriginal€trial€testimony€that€Mosely€was€considered€as€a€suspect€in€the€case.Ìà  àThe€evidence€is€inconclusive€as€to€whether€the€Mosely€line„up€actually€existed€in€1985.€ÏThus,€Scheffððs€and€Amabileððs€testimony€cannot€be€said€to€be€false€in€that€regard.ÓÓ¹Ó  ÓÌà@@<< ìàò òASSUMING€THE€LINE„UP€DID€EXIST€IN€1985,€DID€SCHEFF€AND€AMABILEÐ P  ÐACTUALLY€SHOW€IT€TO€LOWE?€€ó óà @À àÐ @ ÐÓIfÓÌÓ6fÓà  àDorothy€McGriffððs€testimony€that€she€saw€a€picture€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€during€theÏoriginal€investigation€tends€to€show€not€only€that€the€line„up€existed,€but€that€it€was€being€usedÏby€detectives€during€their€investigation.€€Both€Scheff€and€Amabile€continue€to€say€that€theyÏshowed€the€Mosely€line„up€not€only€to€her€but€also€to€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis.€€TheyÏboth€stated€during€this€investigation€that€they€had€good€reasons,€albeit€different€ones,€to€show€theÏMosely€line„up€not€only€to€Dorothy€McGriff,€but€also€to€Lowe€and€Davis:€€Scheff€stated€that€theyÏneeded€to€establish€whether€the€man€seen€by€Dorothy€McGriff€at€her€home€was€the€same€manÏseen€earlier€by€Lowe€and€Davis;€Amabile€stated€that€they€were€slightly€concerned€about€whetherÏDorothy€McGriff€was€ð ðcoveringðð€for€her€cousin.€Ð  +p&) Ðà  àOn€the€other€hand,€as€mentioned€above,€there€was€absolutely€no€mention€of€Scheff€andÏAmabile€showing€the€line„up€to€any€of€the€witnesses€in€their€notes€or€reports.€€Scheff,€AmabileÏand€Gerald€Davis€all€testified€during€the€original€trial€that€only€two€line„ups€were€used€in€theÏcase,€one€for€Smith€and€one€for€Freeman.€€Ìà  àIn€post€conviction€proceedings,€both€detectivesðð€memory€of€showing€the€line„up€to€LoweÏand€Davis€seemed€derivative€of€showing€the€line„up€to€Dorothy€McGriff:€Both€made€specificÏreference€to€showing€the€line„up€to€McGriff€when€asked€about€whether€they€showed€it€to€LoweÏand€Davis.€€During€my€interviews,€both€detectives€virtually€conceded€that€their€memory€was€bothÏderivative€and€based€upon€assumptions€of€what€they€would€likely€have€done€during€the€course€ofÏa€typical,€thorough€investigation.€Ìà  àBoth€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis€have€continually€said€that€the€detectives€neverÏshowed€them€a€Mosely€line„up.€€Therefore,€an€assessment€of€their€credibility€is€necessary.ÌÓ  Óò òñ™ññ™ñÌÌÌÌñ™ññ™ñDAVISððS€CREDIBILITYó óÐ 0€ ÐÓpnÓà  àWhen€I€interviewed€Davis€he€was€relatively€certain€that€he€never€saw€the€Mosely€line„up.€ÏHis€credibility€on€this€point€is€corroborated€by€his€original€trial€testimony€wherein€he€stated€thatÏhe€was€only€shown€two€line„ups€during€the€investigation.€€However,€during€my€interview€heÏcandidly€admitted€that€he€had€difficulty€remembering€events€from€1985.€€He€also€contradictedÏmaterial€representations€made€to€me€by€Investigator€Jeff€Walsh.€€Walsh€claimed€that€he€contactedÏDavis€prior€to€the€post„conviction€proceedings€and€that€Davis€was€hostile.€€Davis€denies€any€suchÏevent.€€More€importantly,€Davis€adamantly€told€me€that€he€never€testified€in€court€regarding€thisÏmurder€case.€€This€is€the€type€of€fact€that€a€credible€person€would€not€forget.€€Davis€has€also€beenÏconvicted€of€a€felony€involving€dishonesty.€€Consequently,€Davisððs€credibility€does€not€rise€to€aÐ ,`'* Ðlevel€where€his€word€sufficiently€establishes€that€the€Mosely€line„up€was€not€in€fact€shown€toÏhim€by€detectives.€à@ìì*ìàò òˆÐ à ÐÓ  ÓLOWE›ððS€CREDIBILITYó óÐ pÀ ÐÓ÷rÓà  àDuring€the€post€conviction€proceedings€and€during€this€investigation,€Chiquita€Lowe€hasÏclaimed€that€Scheff€and€Amabile€never€showed€her€a€photo€line„up€containing€Mosely.€ÏHowever,€during€the€original€trial€the€prosecutor€asked€Lowe€the€following€series€of€questions:ÌÓÓà  àQ:à ` àThe€next€day€(after€the€television€set€incident)€did€the€police€bring€any€pictures€Ð ð@  Ðà  àà ` àover€for€you€to€look€at?ÌÌà  àA:à ` àYes.Ð À ÐÌà  àà ° àà  àò òòòQóó:ó óà ` àò òòòPrior€to€that€had€they€brought€over€other€pictures€to€look€at?Ð  ð ÐÌà  àA:à ` àòòI€DONððT€REMEMBER.óóÐ €Ð Ðóóó óÌÓZtÓWhen€Smithððs€trial€lawyer€cross€examined€her€she€gave€similar€testimony:ÌÓÓà  àò òòòQ:à ` àHow€much€after€the€composite€drawing€was€made,€did€the€police€show€you€Ð @ Ðà  àà ` àphotographs?ÌÌÓžvÓà  àA:€à ` àHow€long€it€was€before€they€show€me€photographs?Ð ` Ðà  àà ° àà  àQ:à ` àWas€it€before€the€composite?€€Was€it€after€the€composite?Ð ð@ Ðà  àA:à ` àI€DONððT€REMEMBER.óóó óÐ Ð  ÐBecause€Lowe€gave€this€testimony€during€the€original€trial,€it€is€hard€to€believe€that€her€memoryÏon€these€issues€has€improved€with€the€passage€of€time.€€Ìà  àLowe€claims€that€had€detectives€shown€her€a€line„up€containing€Moselyððs€picture€sheÏwould€have€identified€him.€€However,€that€is€not€necessarily€true.€€Moselyððs€appearance€in€theÏquestioned€line„up€is€quite€different€from€his€appearance€in€the€1981€picture€that€InvestigatorÏWalsh€showed€her.€€It€is€quite€possible€that€she€saw€the€Mosely€line„up€during€the€originalÐ ,`'* Ðinvestigation€and€did€not€recognize€him.€€In€fact,€when€Investigator€McIlwain€and€I€recentlyÏshowed€Gerald€Davis€the€Mosely€line„up€he€emphatically€denied€that€Mosely€was€the€man€heÏand€Chiquita€Lowe€saw€on€the€street.Ìà  àBased€upon€my€review€of€all€the€facts€of€this€case,€I€believe€that€Chiquita€Lowe€wasÏtelling€the€truth€in€1991€and€1998€when€she€stated€that€the€man€she€saw€on€the€street€on€the€nightÏof€the€murder€was€Eddie€Lee€Mosely,€not€Frank€Lee€Smith.€€I€believe€that€after€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€approached€Gerald€Davis€and€Chiquita€Lowe€he€then€went€into€the€McGriff€home€andÏraped€and€murdered€Shandra€Whitehead.€€In€light€of€the€DNA€evidence,€this€conclusion€isÏvirtually€inescapable.€€€However,€I€also€believe€that€after€Mosely€left€the€house,€Dorothy€McGriffÏsaw€Frank€Lee€Smith€(the€ð ðfigure€at€the€windowðð€in€his€own€words)€attempting€to€steal€aÏtelevision€set€from€the€McGriff€home.׃6×Ý ƒ0#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú19Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Smithððs€final€words€prior€to€sentencing€are€haunting€inÐ pÀ Ðthis€regard.€€He€stated,€ð ðThe€point€must€be€established€òòwhether€this€figure€was€actually€the€figureÐ P  Ðthat€raped€and€killed€the€victim.ðð€€óóAs€Chiquita€Lowe€still€maintains€to€this€date,€Frank€Lee€SmithÐ 0€ Ðshowed€up€at€Chiquita€Loweððs€house€four€days€after€the€murder€trying€to€sell€a€ð ðhotðð€televisionÐ ` Ðset.€€Ìà  àSo,€Chiquita€Lowe€was€telling€the€truth€in€1991€and€1998€when€she€said€that€Eddie€LeeÏMosely€was€the€man€she€saw€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€Shandraððs€murder.€€Does€that€mean€sheÏis€to€be€believed€as€to€every€assertion€she€makes?€€Simply€because€a€witness€is€capable€of€tellingÏthe€truth€on€one€occasion€about€one€particular€subject€does€not€make€them€a€credible€witness€inÏgeneral.€€This€is€especially€true€of€Chiquita€Lowe.€€Ìà  àThough€Frank€Lee€Smith€should€have€been€granted€an€acquittal€in€1991€and€1998,€no€oneÏcan€blame€the€judges€who€presided€over€those€hearings€for€failing€to€grant€relief€to€Smith.€€BothÏof€the€judges€were€asked€to€believe€the€testimony€of€Chiquita€Lowe.€€Both€correctly€describedÏher€as€completely€lacking€credibility.€Ìà  àChiquita€Lowe€gave€false€testimony€in€Frank€Lee€Smithððs€murder€trial.€€There€are€threeÏpossible€explanations€for€why€she€gave€false€testimony.€€First,€she€lied€because€the€police€andÏprosecutor€pressured€her.€€Second,€she€lied€because€she€felt€sympathy€for€the€victim.€€Third,€atÏthe€time€she€testified€she€thought€that€she€was€properly€identifying€Frank€Lee€Smith€but€wasÏhonestly€mistaken.€€Ìà  àLowe€now€claims€that€she€intentionally€lied€because€she€was€pressured€by€the€œpolice€andÏprosecutor.›€€She€alleges€that€the€police€and€prosecutor€told€her€to€lie€by€going€into€court€andÏidentifying€Frank€Lee€Smith.€€But€there€is€a€fatal€problem€with€her€accusation.€€In€1985,€LoweÏwas€consistently€adamant€that€the€man€who€appeared€at€her€house€was€the€same€man€she€saw€onÏthe€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€Though€in€reality€she€may€have€been€unsure€that€the€twoÏmen€were€one€and€the€same,€she€never€expressed€any€doubt€òòas€to€that€fact€óóto€anyone€involved€inÐ 0*€%( Ðthe€case.€€Thus,€no€one€knew€of€her€doubt€as€to€this€most€crucial€fact.€€Because€no€one€knew€ofÐ ,`'* Ðher€doubt,€no€one€had€reason€to€coerce€her€to€resolve€that€doubt€by€lying.€€œWhen€the€police€andÏprosecutor€told€her€to€identify€Frank€Lee€Smith€as€the€man€at€her€door,€they€were€urging€her€toÏtell€the€truth.€€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€the€man€at€her€door,€as€Lowe€still€maintains.€€Again,€theÏpolice€and€prosecutor€had€no€reason€to€know€that€the€man€at€her€door€and€the€man€on€the€streetÏwere€not€one€and€the€same€as€Lowe€consistently€claimed.€€Thus,€the€record€shows€that€she€isÏfalsely€accusing€the€police€and€the€prosecutor.Ìà  àLowe€does€not€understand€the€difference€between€ð ðpressuringðð€a€reluctant€witness€toÏtestify€truthfully€and€ð ðpressuringðð€a€witness€to€lie.€€She€mistakes€the€latter€for€the€former.€€This€isÏcompletely€clear€when€her€statements€are€closely€analyzed.€€In€order€to€rationalize€her€own€guiltÏfor€giving€false€testimony€she€twists€ð ðthe€two€detectives€kept€saying€just€go€in€there€and€òòò òtell€theÐ à Ðtruthðð€ó óóóinto€just€go€in€there€and€lie.€€This€is€a€distinction€with€a€very€big€difference€that€sheÐ pÀ Ðchooses€to€ignore.€€Additionally,€Loweððs€vague€accusations€about€being€pressured€byÏinvestigators€are€completely€inconsistent€with€her€prior€recorded€statements€to€detectives€and€herÏtestimony€at€trial€and€deposition.€€€At€trial,€the€prosecutor€asked€her:€Ìà  àò òòòQ:à ` àWhat€happened€when€they€brought€the€pictures€(containing€Frank€Lee€Smith)?Ð ð@ ÐÓÓà  àA:à ` àThey€said,€look€at€these€photographs.€€They€say,€if€you€see€the€man€you€seen€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àthat€night€on€that€day,€just€point€him€out€and€I€point€him€out.óóó óÓ¤ÓÐ À! ÐAdditionally,€at€her€pre„trial€deposition€with€Smithððs€lawyer,€Lowe€had€a€golden€opportunity€toÏtell€Smithððs€lawyer€about€any€improper€police€conduct.€€No€one€was€present€from€the€State.€€Yet,Ïshe€said€nothing.€€To€the€contrary,€she€reassured€Smithððs€lawyer€that€she€was€certain€of€herÏidentification.Ìà  àShe€may€have€lied€because€she€felt€sympathy€for€the€victim.€€Lowe€told€me€that€she€wasÐ  +p&) Ðraped€herself€and,€consequently,€felt€extreme€sympathy€for€the€victim€and€the€victimððs€mother.€ÏShe€added€that€there€was€ð ðcommunity€pressureðð€brought€to€bear€on€her.€€She€also€stated€that€herÏð ðlife€was€complicatedðð€and€that€her€mother€pressured€her€to€ð ðsay€these€things€right€here€and€thisÏman€will€never€get€out.ððÌà  àIt€is€also€possible€that€at€the€time€of€trial€she€honestly€thought€Frank€Lee€Smith€was€theÏman€whom€she€saw€on€the€street€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€As€years€passed,€she€may€have€beenÏquestioning€her€testimony€in€her€own€mind.€€When€Investigator€Walsh€confronted€her€with€theÏ1981€picture€of€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€she€realized€her€error€and€was€overwhelmed€with€guilt.¼à  àLoweððs€false€testimony,€above€all€the€other€evidence€in€Frank€Lee€Smithððs€case,€putÏSmith€on€death€row.€€During€their€eight€and€one€half€hour€deliberations,€the€jury€asked€to€rehearÏthe€testimony€of€only€one€witness:€Chiquita€Lowe.€€Yet,€she€did€not€come€forward€on€her€ownÏaccord€four€years€after€his€death€sentence€expressing€doubt€about€her€identification€of€Frank€LeeÏSmith.€€To€the€contrary,€Smithððs€lawyers€contacted€her.€€Ìà  àIn€order€to€personally€gauge€Chiquita€Loweððs€credibility€I€met€with€her€face€to€face.€€ItÏwas€clear€to€me€that€rather€than€fully€accept€responsibility€for€her€own€conduct,€she€wasÏspreading€the€blame€to€everyone€else€involved€in€the€case.€€It€is€no€short€list€of€people€that€sheÏaccused€of€misconduct.€€The€list€includes€the€detectives,€the€trial€judge,€the€prosecutor,€theÏvictimððs€mother,€and€Gerald€Davis.€€In€order€to€rationalize€her€own€guilt,€she€was€more€thanÏeager€to€make€bad€faith€false€accusations€about€these€people.€€The€most€striking€of€these€spuriousÏallegations€was€that€Gerald€Davis€ð ðelaboratedðð€(collaborated)€with€her€to€lie€because€he€is€gayÏand€ð ðliked€the€buns€of€the€detectives.ðð€€€She€also€accused€the€victimððs€mother,€Dorothy€McGriff,Ïof€covering€for€Eddie€Lee€Mosely€because€the€family€are€all€ð ðscrewed€up.ðð€€I€found€theseÐ ,`'* Ðallegations€disturbing€and€preposterous.€Ìà  àLowe€is€not€to€be€believed€when€she€slings€allegations€against€others€involved€in€the€case.€ÏThe€easiest€targets€for€her€are€the€detectives.€€Consequently,€her€testimony€is€of€no€use€toÏestablish€whether€a€line„up€containing€Eddie€Lee€Moselyððs€1984€photograph€was€shown€to€herÏduring€the€original€investigation.€€Ìà  àThe€evidence€is€inconclusive€regarding€whether€Scheff€and€Amabile€gave€false€testimonyÏwhen€they€testified€that€they€showed€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Chiquita€Lowe€and€Gerald€Davis.€€AsÏto€both€material€issues€of€fact,€there€is€insufficient€evidence€to€prove€that€Scheff€and€AmabileÏgave€false€testimony€in€1991€and€1998.ÌÓÓò òÓ  Óòò2.€€€CAN€IT€BE€SHOWN€THAT€FALSE€TESTIMONY€WAS€ð ðKNOWINGLYðð€GIVEN?ó óÓ=›ÓóóÐ à ÐÓR›Óà  àEven€assuming€that€Scheff€and€Amabile€did€not€show€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Lowe€andÏDavis,€it€cannot€be€proven€that€their€testimony€to€that€effect€was€ð ðknowinglyðð€false€when€given,Ïas€required€for€criminal€prosecution.€€In€order€for€false€testimony€to€constitute€perjury,€a€witnessÏmust€be€consciously€aware€of€the€testimonyððs€false€nature€at€the€time€the€testimony€is€given.€ÏThough€their€testimony€may€have€arisen€from€negligence,€Scheff€and€Amabile€may€haveÏhonestly€believed€that€they€showed€the€Mosely€line„up€to€Lowe.€€The€law€does€not€seek€toÏcriminally€punish€those€whose€false€testimony€is€based€upon€incorrect€or€careless€assumptions.ÏError,€mistake€or€inadvertence€does€not€suffice€to€satisfy€the€ð ðknowingly€falseðð€standard.€€ThisÏdistinction€is€significant.€€If€such€were€not€the€case,€all€prior€inconsistent€statements,€includingÏhonest€mistakes,€would€constitute€perjury.€€As€every€lawyer€knows,€it€is€extremely€common€forÏwitnesses€to€give€inconsistent€statements€under€oath.€€One€of€the€purposes€of€€cross€examinationÏis€to€expose€whether€testimony€is€based€upon€faulty€assumptions.€€à È àÐ ,`'* Ðà  àIn€their€sworn€statements€to€me€during€this€investigation,€Scheff€and€Amabile€concededÏthat€their€testimony€was€based€upon€assumptions.€€The€propriety€of€giving€testimony€in€a€capitalÏcase€based€upon€assumptions€of€ð ðproper€police€workðð€or€ð ðhaving€a€reasonðð€to€have€done€things,Ïis€not€the€subject€of€my€investigation.€€My€investigation€focuses€purely€on€whether€a€criminalÏcharge€for€perjury€should€be€pursued.€€ñ™ñÌÌñ™ñÌñ™ñÓ  Óñ™ñ€à @ àà@@FF%ìàòòò òCONCLUSIONó óóóÐ `  Ðñ™ñÓ4¢Óñ™ñà  àAssuming€that€Scheff€and€Amabile€were€truthful€in€their€sworn€testimony€during€thisÏinvestigation,€it€is€very€unfortunate€for€them€that€they€did€not€document€the€existence€and€use€ofÏthe€Mosely€line„up€during€their€original€investigation.€€That€failure€to€document€their€work,Ïcombined€with€the€other€unique€circumstances€of€this€case,€gave€rise€to€a€reasonable€suspicion€ofÏperjury€by€Smithððs€lawyers.€€The€question€for€me€is€whether€sufficient€proof€exists€to€warrant€aÏcriminal€prosecution.€€It€does€not.€€€Ìà  àI€conclude€that€there€is€insufficient€evidence€to€show€that€Detectives€Scheff€and€AmabileÏknowingly€gave€false€testimony.€€No€prosecution€of€either€detective€is€warranted.€€CriminalÏprosecution€should€be€declined.